Nursing Elites

1. What information should be given to the parents of a 12-month-old child regarding appropriate play activities for this age?

• A. Give large push-pull toys for kinetic stimulation
• B. Place a cradle gym across the crib to help develop fine motor skills
• C. Provide the child with finger paints to enhance fine motor skills
• D. Provide a stick horse to develop gross motor coordination

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Large push-pull toys are suitable for a 12-month-old as they encourage gross motor skills and physical activity, which are crucial for their development at this age.

2. After the family, which has the greatest influence on providing continuity between generations?

• A. Race
• B. School
• C. Social Class
• D. Government

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Schools play a significant role in providing continuity between generations by imparting cultural values, social norms, and knowledge to children.

3. A Hispanic toddler has pneumonia. The nurse notices that the parent consistently feeds the child only the broth that comes on the clear liquid tray. Food items, such as Jell-O, Popsicles, and juices, are left. Which statement best explains this?

• A. The parent is trying to feed the child only what the child likes most
• B. Hispanics believe the evil eye enters when a person gets cold
• C. The parent is trying to restore normal balance through appropriate hot remedies
• D. Hispanics believe an innate energy called chi is strengthened by eating soup

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In Hispanic culture, the balance between hot and cold is important, and the parent may be giving the child broth to restore this balance while avoiding "cold" foods.

4. Which pediatric disorder is associated with a 'boot-shaped' heart on a chest x-ray?

• A. Tetralogy of Fallot
• B. Transposition of the great arteries
• C. Coarctation of the aorta
• D. Ventricular septal defect

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Tetralogy of Fallot. Tetralogy of Fallot is often associated with a 'boot-shaped' heart appearance on a chest x-ray due to the characteristic heart anatomy in this condition. This appearance is caused by the combination of pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, ventricular septal defect, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Choice B, Transposition of the great arteries, is incorrect because it presents with a 'egg-on-a-string' appearance on x-ray due to the abnormal position of the aorta and pulmonary artery. Choice C, Coarctation of the aorta, typically presents with rib notching on x-ray. Choice D, Ventricular septal defect, does not produce the 'boot-shaped' heart appearance seen in Tetralogy of Fallot.

5. An infant is suspected of having esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula. While waiting for the pediatrician to see the infant, which action should the nurse take?

• A. Position the infant with the head of the bed slightly elevated
• B. Allow the infant to bond with the mother in her room
• C. Offer the infant breastfeeding instead of formula feeding
• D. Wrap the infant in blankets and place in a crib by the viewing window

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Positioning the infant with the head of the bed elevated helps to prevent aspiration and manage secretions until further treatment can be provided. Choice B is incorrect as the priority is ensuring the infant's safety and health, not immediate bonding. Choice C is incorrect as breastfeeding may worsen the condition. Choice D is incorrect as it does not address the potential risk of aspiration associated with esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula.

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