Nursing Elites

1. Which immunization is recommended for all newborns?

• A. Hepatitis A vaccine
• B. Hepatitis B vaccine
• C. Hepatitis C vaccine
• D. Hepatitis A, B, and C vaccines

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the Hepatitis B vaccine. This vaccine is recommended for all newborns to prevent Hepatitis B infection, which can lead to chronic liver disease and liver cancer. The Hepatitis B vaccine is a crucial part of the routine immunization schedule for infants. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the recommended vaccine for newborns is specifically Hepatitis B, not Hepatitis A, Hepatitis C, or a combination of Hepatitis A, B, and C vaccines.

2. The clinic nurse is teaching parents about physiologic anemia that occurs in infants. What statement should the nurse include about the cause of physiologic anemia?

• A. Maternally derived iron stores are depleted in the first 2 months.
• B. Fetal hemoglobin results in a shortened survival of red blood cells.
• C. The production of adult hemoglobin decreases in the first year of life.
• D. Low levels of fetal hemoglobin depress the production of erythropoietin.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Physiologic anemia is caused by the transition from fetal to adult hemoglobin, with fetal hemoglobin having a shorter lifespan, leading to a temporary decrease in red blood cells.

3. What is a high-fiber food that the nurse should recommend for a child with chronic constipation?

• A. White rice
• B. Popcorn
• C. Fruit juice
• D. Ripe bananas

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Popcorn is a high-fiber food that can help manage chronic constipation in children. Other options like white rice and ripe bananas are low in fiber and less effective for treating constipation.

4. During a funduscopic examination of a school-age child, the nurse notes a brilliant, uniform red reflex in both eyes. The nurse should recognize that this is which?

• A. A normal finding
• B. A sign of a possible visual defect and a need for vision screening
• C. An abnormal finding requiring referral to an ophthalmologist
• D. A sign of small hemorrhages, which usually resolve spontaneously

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A brilliant, uniform red reflex in both eyes is a normal finding, indicating that the retina is healthy and there are no significant obstructions in the visual pathway.

5. A toddler’s mother calls the nurse because she thinks her son has swallowed a button type of battery. He has no signs of respiratory distress. The nurse’s response should be based on which premise?

• A. An emergency laparotomy is very likely.
• B. The location needs to be confirmed by radiographic examination.
• C. Surgery will be necessary if the battery has not passed in the stool in 48 hours.
• D. Careful observation is essential because an ingested battery cannot be accurately detected.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Radiographic examination is essential to confirm the location of the battery, as it can cause significant damage, particularly if lodged in the esophagus. Immediate surgery may be required depending on its location and the potential for causing harm.

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