why are neonates predisposed to problems with thermoregulation

ATI RN

Nursing Care of Children Final ATI

1. Why are neonates predisposed to problems with thermoregulation?

A. Renal function is not fully developed
B. Flexed posture favors heat loss
C. A large body surface area favors heat loss to the environment
D. A thick layer of subcutaneous fat provides excellent insulation

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Newborns have a large surface area relative to their body weight, making them more susceptible to heat loss and requiring careful thermoregulation. Choice A is incorrect because renal function is not directly related to thermoregulation. Choice B is incorrect because a flexed posture actually helps reduce heat loss by minimizing the surface area exposed to the environment. Choice D is incorrect because neonates have limited subcutaneous fat, which contributes to their susceptibility to heat loss.

2. What is the priority nursing intervention for a child with epiglottitis?

A. Administer antibiotics
B. Maintain airway patency
C. Provide hydration
D. Monitor vital signs

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Maintain airway patency. When dealing with a child with epiglottitis, the priority nursing intervention is to ensure airway patency to prevent airway obstruction, which can lead to respiratory distress or failure. Administering antibiotics (choice A) is important to treat the infection, but airway management takes precedence. Providing hydration (choice C) and monitoring vital signs (choice D) are essential aspects of care but are secondary to securing the airway in a child with epiglottitis.

3. When assessing a preschooler's chest, what should the nurse expect?

A. Respiratory movements to be chiefly thoracic
B. Anteroposterior diameter to be equal to the transverse diameter
C. Retraction of the muscles between the ribs on respiratory movement
D. Movement of the chest wall to be symmetric bilaterally and coordinated with breathing

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In a preschooler, chest movement should be symmetric and coordinated with breathing, indicating healthy respiratory function.

4. The nurse is caring for a child with Meckel diverticulum. What type of stool does the nurse expect to observe?

A. Steatorrhea
B. Clay-colored
C. Currant jelly-like
D. Loose stools with undigested food

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Currant jelly-like stools, which contain blood and mucus, are characteristic of Meckel diverticulum. This symptom occurs due to the bleeding from the ectopic gastric mucosa present in the diverticulum. Steatorrhea (choice A) is not typically associated with Meckel diverticulum. Clay-colored stools (choice B) are seen in conditions affecting the biliary system. Loose stools with undigested food (choice D) may indicate malabsorption issues, but it is not specifically linked to Meckel diverticulum.