ATI RN
ATI Nursing Care of Children
1. A sixteen-year-old boy is diagnosed with osteosarcoma. What information should the nurse know regarding the treatment plan?
- A. Amputation of the affected extremity is rarely necessary.
- B. Intensive radiation is the primary treatment modality.
- C. Treatment usually consists of surgery and chemotherapy.
- D. Bone marrow transplantation is the preferred option for long-term survival.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Osteosarcoma is typically treated with a combination of surgery and chemotherapy. This approach aims to remove the tumor and reduce the risk of metastasis. Amputation of the affected extremity may be necessary in some cases to ensure complete removal of the tumor. Intensive radiation is not the primary treatment for osteosarcoma, and bone marrow transplantation is not the standard treatment for this type of cancer.
2. When caring for a child with probable appendicitis, the nurse should be alert to recognize which sign or symptom as a manifestation of perforation?
- A. Anorexia
- B. Bradycardia
- C. Sudden relief from pain
- D. Decreased abdominal distention
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When caring for a child with probable appendicitis, sudden relief from pain is a critical sign that could indicate perforation of the appendix. Perforation results in the release of pressure and inflammation, leading to a temporary relief of pain. Anorexia (loss of appetite) and decreased abdominal distention are symptoms commonly associated with appendicitis itself, not perforation. Bradycardia (slow heart rate) is not typically a direct manifestation of appendicitis or its complications.
3. The nurse is preparing to admit a 7-year-old child with Crohn disease. What clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe?
- A. Pain is common.
- B. Weight loss is severe.
- C. All are correct.
- D. Diarrhea is moderate to severe.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because Crohn's disease commonly presents with pain, severe weight loss, and moderate to severe diarrhea in affected individuals. Therefore, all the manifestations listed are typically observed in patients with Crohn's disease. Choice A alone is not sufficient as weight loss and diarrhea are also prominent symptoms. Choice B is incorrect as it only mentions weight loss, omitting other common manifestations. Choice D is also incorrect as it does not cover the full range of expected clinical signs in Crohn's disease.
4. The nurse is caring for a child with the following order: Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) 20 mg IV, every 6 hours. The nurse has Methylprednisolone 100 mg in 2 mL available. How many mL should the nurse administer with each dose?
- A. 0.4 mL
- B. 0.2 mL
- C. 0.5 mL
- D. 0.6 mL
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct dosage to administer 20 mg is 0.4 mL, calculated by dividing the dose (20 mg) by the concentration (100 mg in 2 mL). This calculation ensures the accurate administration of the prescribed medication. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not reflect the correct calculation based on the provided concentration of the medication.
5. What is a common cause of acquired aplastic anemia in children?
- A. Deficient diet
- B. Ingestion of drugs such as chloramphenicol or antiepileptics
- C. Congenital defects
- D. Injury
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Acquired aplastic anemia in children is often caused by exposure to certain drugs, such as chloramphenicol or antiepileptics, which can lead to bone marrow failure and a decrease in all types of blood cells. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because aplastic anemia is not commonly caused by deficient diet, congenital defects, or injury in children.
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