while assessing a clients peripheral iv site the nurse observes a streak of red along the vein path and palpates a 4 cm venous cord how should the nur

ATI RN

ATI Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Regulation

1. While assessing a clients peripheral IV site, the nurse observes a streak of red along the vein path and palpates a 4-cm venous cord. How should the nurse document this finding?

A. Grade 3 phlebitis at IV site
B. infection at IV site
C. Thrombosed area at IV site
D. infiltration at IV site

Correct answer: A

Rationale:

2. You are an emergency-room nurse caring for a trauma patient. Your patient has the following arterial blood gas results: pH 7.26, PaCO2 28, HCO3 11 mEq/L. How would you interpret these results?

A. Respiratory acidosis with no compensation
B. Metabolic alkalosis with a compensatory alkalosis
C. Metabolic acidosis with no compensation
D. Metabolic acidosis with a compensatory respiratory alkalosis

Correct answer: D

Rationale:

3. The baroreceptors, located in the left atrium and in the carotid and aortic arches, respond to changes in the circulating blood volume and regulate sympathetic and parasympathetic neural activity as well as endocrine activities. Sympathetic stimulation constricts renal arterioles, causing what effect?

A. Decrease in the release of aldosterone
B. Increase of filtration in the Loop of Henle
C. Decrease in the reabsorption of sodium
D. Decrease in glomerular filtration

Correct answer: D

Rationale:

4. The nurse in the intensive care unit receives arterial blood gases (ABG) with a patient who is complaining of being 'short of breath.' The ABG has the following values: pH = 7.21, PaCO2 = 64 mm Hg, HCO3 = 24 mmol/L. The labs reflect:

A. Respiratory acidosis
B. Metabolic alkalosis
C. Respiratory alkalosis
D. Metabolic acidosis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The ABG values indicate respiratory acidosis. A pH below 7.40, a PaCO2 above 40 mm Hg, and a normal HCO3 level (24 mmol/L) suggest respiratory acidosis. In this case, the patient has an acidic pH (7.21) and an elevated PaCO2 (64 mm Hg), indicating inadequate ventilation. The normal HCO3 level suggests that compensation by the kidneys has not occurred, implying an acute event. Choices B, C, and D can be ruled out based on the given ABG values and the criteria for acid-base disorders.

5. Which hormone reduces the amount of water in the body?

A. ADH
B. aldosterone
C. ANH
D. ADH and aldosterone

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'aldosterone.' Aldosterone is the hormone that reduces the amount of water in the body by increasing the reabsorption of sodium and water from the kidney tubules. ANH (atrial natriuretic hormone) actually works to increase the excretion of sodium and water by the kidneys, leading to a reduction in blood volume and pressure. ADH (antidiuretic hormone) works to increase water reabsorption by the kidneys, thereby increasing blood volume. Therefore, choices A (ADH) and D (ADH and aldosterone) are incorrect in the context of reducing the amount of water in the body.