Nursing Elites

1. Which type of bread, cereal, or pasta would most likely be recommended for a patient on a fat-restricted diet?

• A. popcorn
• B. fried rice
• C. English muffins
• D. granola

Correct answer: C

Rationale: English muffins would be the most suitable option for a patient on a fat-restricted diet. They are typically lower in fat compared to fried rice, granola, and popcorn with butter. Popcorn, fried rice, and granola are higher in fat content and may not be the best choice for individuals on a fat-restricted diet.

2. What is the best dietary advice for a patient with iron-deficiency anemia?

• A. Increase dairy consumption
• B. Increase vitamin C intake
• C. Reduce red meat consumption
• D. Increase fiber intake

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The best dietary advice for a patient with iron-deficiency anemia is to increase vitamin C intake. Vitamin C enhances the absorption of non-heme iron, which can help improve iron-deficiency anemia. Choices A, C, and D are not the best options for this condition. Increasing dairy consumption (Choice A) may not directly address the iron deficiency. Reducing red meat consumption (Choice C) may limit heme iron intake, which is easily absorbed by the body. Increasing fiber intake (Choice D) is generally beneficial but is not specifically recommended as the top advice for iron-deficiency anemia.

3. Which organ absorbs water and vitamin K and may be affected by ulcerative colitis?

• A. Stomach
• B. Pancreas
• C. Large intestine
• D. Small intestine

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The large intestine is the organ that is primarily responsible for the absorption of water and vitamin K in the human body. A disease like ulcerative colitis can disrupt these functions by causing inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the large intestine, leading to digestive issues. The stomach (Choice A) primarily functions to break down and digest food, not to absorb water and vitamins. The pancreas (Choice B) secretes enzymes to aid in digestion and hormones to regulate blood sugar, but does not absorb water and vitamins. The small intestine (Choice D) is primarily responsible for absorbing nutrients from digested food, but not specifically water and vitamin K. Therefore, these other choices are incorrect.

4. A nurse at a health fair is assessing the weight status of four clients. Which of the following clients is classified as overweight?

• A. A female client who has a body mass index of 24
• B. A male client who has a body mass index of 29
• C. A female client who has a waist circumference of 101.6 cm (40 in)
• D. A male client who has a waist circumference of 96.52 cm (38 in)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A body mass index (BMI) of 25 or higher is classified as overweight. Choice B, a male client with a BMI of 29, falls into the overweight category. Choice A, a female client with a BMI of 24, is within the normal range. Choices C and D provide information on waist circumference, which is not sufficient to determine if a client is overweight or not, as waist circumference alone does not provide the overall picture of weight status compared to BMI.

5. You are an ostomy nurse and you know that colostomy is defined as:

• A. It is an incision into the colon to create an artificial opening to the exterior of the abdomen
• B. It is end to end anastomosis of the gastric stump to the duodenum
• C. It is end to end anastomosis of the gastric stump to the jejunum
• D. It is an incision into the ileum to create an artificial opening to the exterior of the abdomen

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patient safety and efficacy of care depend on actions rooted in established nursing protocols that consider both the immediate and long-term needs of the patient.

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