Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following terms refers to a process by which an individual receives education about the recognition of stress reactions and management strategies for handling stress, which may be instituted after a disaster?

• A. Critical incident stress management
• B. Follow-up
• C. Debriefing
• D. Defusion

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Critical incident stress management is a process that provides individuals with education about recognizing stress reactions and strategizing management techniques for handling stress after a disaster. Choice B, 'Follow-up', is incorrect because it generally refers to continuing care after initial treatment, not specifically to stress management education. Choice C, 'Debriefing', is a process where individuals involved in a critical event are brought together to discuss the event and their reactions to it. It can be part of the critical incident stress management process, but it doesn't cover the whole process. Choice D, 'Defusion', is a technique used in the immediate aftermath of a traumatic event to help individuals process their experiences, but it does not encompass the full range of education about stress recognition and management strategies.

2. Instruction on health promotion regarding urinary elimination is important. Which would you include?

• A. Hold urine as long as possible before emptying the bladder to strengthen the sphincter muscles
• B. If a burning sensation is experienced while voiding, drink water
• C. After urination, wipe from the anal area towards the pubis
• D. Tell the client to empty the bladder at each voiding

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is to instruct the client to empty the bladder at each voiding. This is essential to prevent urinary retention and reduce the risk of urinary tract infections. Choice A is incorrect because holding urine for prolonged periods can lead to urinary retention and increase the risk of infections. Choice B is incorrect as pineapple juice can exacerbate a burning sensation due to its acidity; the correct approach is to drink water to dilute the urine. Choice C is incorrect as wiping from the anal area towards the pubis can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract, potentially causing infections.

3. What is the movement of water from an area of lower solute concentration to one of higher solute concentration called?

• A. Hypodipsia
• B. Hypernatremia
• C. Hypokalemia
• D. Osmosis

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Osmosis. Osmosis is the process where water moves from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. This movement equalizes the solute concentration in intracellular and extracellular fluids. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not describe the movement of water based on solute concentration levels.

4. Dina, 17 years old, asks you how a tubal ligation prevents pregnancy. Which would be the best answer?

• A. Prostaglandins released from the cut fallopian tubes can kill sperm
• B. Sperm cannot enter the uterus because the cervical entrance is blocked
• C. Sperm can no longer reach the ova, because the fallopian tubes are blocked
• D. The ovary no longer releases ova as there is nowhere for them to go

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Sperm can no longer reach the ova because the fallopian tubes are blocked.' Tubal ligation works by blocking the fallopian tubes, preventing sperm from reaching the egg for fertilization. Choice A is incorrect because prostaglandins are not released from the cut fallopian tubes to kill sperm. Choice B is incorrect as the cervical entrance being blocked does not relate to tubal ligation. Choice D is incorrect because tubal ligation does not affect the release of ova from the ovary.

5. A paranoid client refuses to eat telling you that you poisoned his food. The best intervention to this client is:

• A. Taste the food in front of him and tell him that the food is not poisoned
• B. Offer other types of food until the client eats
• C. Simply state that the food is not poisoned
• D. Offer sealed foods

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

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