ATI RN
Psychology 2301 Exam 1
1. Which of the following statements is true?
- A. Most behavioral disorders are determined exclusively by genes.
- B. Genes play a role in most mental disorders.
- C. Genes do not affect biochemical processes.
- D. The genes that will be expressed in an individual are not affected by experience.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Genes play a role in most mental disorders.' This statement is true as genes do play a significant role in the development of various mental disorders. Choice A is incorrect because most behavioral disorders are influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and other factors, not exclusively genes. Choice C is incorrect as genes do affect biochemical processes. Choice D is incorrect because the expression of genes in an individual can be influenced by experiences and environmental factors, a concept known as gene-environment interaction.
2. Arrange the three stages of prenatal development in the correct order.
- A. Germinal stage, fetal stage, embryonic stage
- B. Fetal stage, embryonic stage, germinal stage
- C. Embryonic stage, germinal stage, fetal stage
- D. Germinal stage, embryonic stage, fetal stage
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct order of the three stages of prenatal development is germinal stage, embryonic stage, and fetal stage. During the germinal stage, the fertilized egg rapidly divides and implants in the uterine wall. The embryonic stage follows, where major organs and systems begin to develop. Finally, during the fetal stage, the developing organism is known as a fetus and continues to grow and mature. Choice A is incorrect because it has the stages in the wrong order. Choice B is incorrect as it also presents the stages out of order. Choice C is incorrect as it reverses the order of the stages. Therefore, the correct answer is D.
3. Which term describes the conditions that guarantee the occurrence of a disorder?
- A. Necessary causes
- B. Contributory causes
- C. Sufficient causes
- D. Protective factors
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Sufficient causes.' Sufficient causes are conditions that alone are enough to guarantee the occurrence of a disorder. Necessary causes refer to factors that must be present for the disorder to occur but are not enough on their own. Contributory causes increase the likelihood of a disorder but are not enough to cause it by themselves. Protective factors are conditions that reduce the likelihood of a disorder occurring.
4. A psychologist who studied the relationship between sociocultural factors and mental disorders would be most likely to study ________.
- A. parenting style and self-schemas.
- B. poverty and racial discrimination.
- C. peer rejection and attributional style.
- D. assimilation and accommodation.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A psychologist who studies the relationship between sociocultural factors and mental disorders would focus on factors like poverty and racial discrimination. These factors have a significant impact on mental health outcomes within different populations. Choices A, C, and D are less directly related to sociocultural factors like poverty and racial discrimination and their influence on mental disorders, making them incorrect.
5. What is the biopsychosocial model, and why is it important?
- A. A model that integrates biological, psychological, and social factors.
- B. A model that focuses solely on biological factors.
- C. A model that excludes social factors.
- D. A model that focuses solely on psychological factors.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The biopsychosocial model is a model that integrates biological, psychological, and social factors. It is important because it recognizes the interconnectedness of these factors in influencing an individual's mental health. Option B is incorrect because the biopsychosocial model does not focus solely on biological factors. Option C is incorrect as the model does not exclude social factors. Option D is incorrect as the model does not focus solely on psychological factors.
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