which of the following may indicate a hypersecretion of thyroid hormone

ATI RN

ATI Anatomy and Physiology

1. Which of the following may indicate hypersecretion of thyroid hormone?

A. weight loss
B. Bradycardia
C. cold intolerance
D. lethargy

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Weight loss is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism, which is characterized by an excess secretion of thyroid hormone. This increased metabolic rate can lead to weight loss despite normal or increased appetite. Bradycardia (slow heart rate), cold intolerance, and lethargy are more commonly associated with hypothyroidism, where there is an insufficient production of thyroid hormone. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect in the context of hypersecretion of thyroid hormone.

2. Which part of the nephron is closest to the collecting duct?

A. Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
B. Bowman's Capsule
C. Afferent Arteriole
D. Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the Distal convoluted tubule (DCT). The DCT is the part of the nephron closest to the collecting duct, where the final adjustments to electrolyte and fluid balance are made. Bowman's Capsule is located at the beginning of the nephron, where filtration of blood occurs. The Afferent Arteriole brings blood to the glomerulus for filtration. The Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) is situated after the Bowman's Capsule and is not the part closest to the collecting duct.

3. What function is associated with the dermal layer of the skin?

A. Sensory perception
B. To provide support and structure to the skin
C. Protection from UV rays
D. Insulation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct function associated with the dermal layer of the skin is to provide support and structure to the skin. The dermis is the thickest layer of the skin and is responsible for maintaining the skin's integrity and firmness. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as sensory perception, protection from UV rays, and insulation are functions associated with other layers of the skin, such as the epidermis and subcutaneous tissue.

4. Specialized cell types organized in a way that provides a specific function form

A. tissues, which build organs.
B. organs, which build tissues.
C. organ systems, which build tissues.
D. atoms, which comprise tissues.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'tissues, which build organs.' Specialized cell types organize to form tissues, which in turn build organs. Tissues are groups of cells that work together to perform a specific function. Option B is incorrect because organs are composed of tissues, not the other way around. Option C is incorrect as organ systems consist of multiple organs working together, not building tissues. Option D is incorrect as atoms are the basic building blocks of matter and are not directly involved in forming tissues.

5. Which of the following is a result of stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system?

A. decreased blood flow to the skeletal muscles
B. increased cardiac output
C. decreased respiratory rate
D. increased urinary output

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system leads to an increase in cardiac output. When the sympathetic nervous system is activated, it causes the heart to beat faster and with more force, leading to an increased cardiac output. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the sympathetic nervous system does not cause decreased blood flow to the skeletal muscles, decreased respiratory rate, or increased urinary output.