Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is one of the sources used to determine the reason for voluntary turnover?

• A. Following-up phone calls
• B. Employee questioning
• C. Benchmarking
• D. Exit interviewing

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'D: Exit interviewing.' Exit interviews are a crucial source used to determine the reasons for voluntary turnover. During exit interviews, departing employees provide valuable insights into their reasons for leaving, which can help organizations identify areas for improvement. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Following-up phone calls and benchmarking are not commonly used methods for determining the reasons behind voluntary turnover. While employee questioning can be a part of the exit interview process, the primary source mentioned in the context of voluntary turnover is exit interviewing.

2. Which of the following can cause negative effects on decision making among groups?

• A. Rationalization
• B. Groupthink
• C. Risky shift
• D. Dialectical inquiry

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Groupthink. Groupthink is a negative phenomenon occurring in highly cohesive, isolated groups where members tend to think alike, which hinders critical thinking and can lead to poor decision-making. Rationalization refers to justifying or explaining behaviors or decisions in a logical manner. Risky shift is a phenomenon in groups where decisions become riskier or more extreme than individual members would make on their own. Dialectical inquiry is a technique used to counteract groupthink by encouraging debate and presenting opposing viewpoints to arrive at more thoughtful decisions.

3. A nurse recognizes which of the following as a primary goal of nursing?

• A. Assist patients to achieve a peaceful death.
• B. Improve personal knowledge and skills to enhance patient outcomes.
• C. Advocate for quality of life rather than quantity of life.
• D. Work to control costs to enhance patients' quality of life.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The primary goal of nursing is to promote health, prevent illness, alleviate suffering, and care for the sick. Assisting patients to achieve a peaceful death is an essential aspect of nursing care, ensuring dignity and comfort in the end-of-life phase. While improving personal knowledge and advocating for quality of life are important aspects of nursing, the primary goal remains the well-being and comfort of patients, even in death. Working to control costs, while a consideration in healthcare, is not the primary goal of nursing, which is centered on patient care and well-being.

4. A client with limited mobility in their lower extremities is at risk for skin breakdown. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent skin breakdown?

• A. Place the client in high-Fowler's position.
• B. Increase the client's intake of carbohydrates.
• C. Massage areas of skin that are darker than the surrounding skin tissue with unscented lotion.
• D. Have the client use a trapeze bar when changing position

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increase the client's intake of carbohydrates. Adequate nutrition, including carbohydrates, is essential for tissue repair and preventing skin breakdown. Placing the client in high-Fowler's position (choice A) may help with respiratory function but does not directly prevent skin breakdown. Massaging areas of darker skin (choice C) can cause further damage to the skin. Using a trapeze bar (choice D) may assist with changing positions but does not directly address skin breakdown prevention.

5. Which of the following is true of malpractice?

• A. Malpractice occurs when a professional shares information about a patient that could damage that patient�s reputation.
• B. Malpractice is a serious criminal offense.
• C. Malpractice is a minor criminal offense.
• D. Malpractice is a negligent act by an individual whose duties require specialized education.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Malpractice is a negligent act by an individual whose duties require specialized education.

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