Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an example of a tertiary prevention activity?

• A. Administering immunizations
• B. Physical therapy for stroke patients
• C. Routine health screenings
• D. Health education campaigns

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, physical therapy for stroke patients. Tertiary prevention aims to prevent complications and improve the quality of life for individuals who already have a disease or condition. Administering immunizations (choice A) is an example of primary prevention to prevent the onset of diseases. Routine health screenings (choice C) are part of secondary prevention to detect diseases early. Health education campaigns (choice D) typically fall under primary prevention by educating and promoting healthy behaviors to prevent diseases.

2. When in opposition to an immediate superior, a nurse manager should use which important strategy in a confrontation?

• A. Using 'I' language
• B. Using absolutes
• C. Using 'why' questions
• D. Using negative assertions

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When in a confrontation, using 'I' language is crucial for a nurse manager. This approach allows the manager to express personal feelings without sounding accusatory, which can help reduce defensiveness and promote open communication. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Using absolutes can come off as rigid and may escalate the conflict. 'Why' questions can be perceived as confrontational and may put the other person on the defensive. Negative assertions can lead to a more hostile exchange rather than fostering a constructive dialogue.

3. Which of the following best describes the concept of value-based healthcare?

• A. Focusing on the volume of services provided
• B. Maximizing hospital revenue
• C. Improving clinical outcomes while controlling costs
• D. Emphasizing patient satisfaction

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Value-based healthcare focuses on improving clinical outcomes while controlling costs. It emphasizes quality over quantity, aiming to provide efficient and effective care that enhances patient health outcomes while managing expenses. Choices A and B are incorrect because value-based healthcare is not about focusing on the volume of services provided or maximizing hospital revenue. Choice D, emphasizing patient satisfaction, is also not the primary focus of value-based healthcare, which prioritizes clinical outcomes and cost control.

4. A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative. When the nurse prepares to change the client's dressing, they say, 'Every time you change my bandage, it hurts so much.' Which of the following interventions is the nurse's priority action?

• A. Encourage the client to relax and take deep breaths during the dressing change
• B. Educate the client about the importance of the dressing change to prevent infection
• C. Administer pain medication 45 minutes before changing the client's dressing
• D. Assist the client to a comfortable position for the dressing change

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is to administer pain medication 45 minutes before changing the client's dressing. This intervention is the priority action because the client is experiencing pain during the dressing change. Providing pain relief beforehand can help minimize the discomfort and improve the overall experience for the client. Encouraging relaxation techniques (choice A) or educating about dressing change importance (choice B) are valuable but addressing pain is the priority. Assisting the client to a comfortable position (choice D) is essential for the procedure but does not directly address the client's pain.

5. Which of the following is a characteristic of a well-written goal?

• A. Goals should be vague
• B. Goals should be unrealistic
• C. Goals need to be measurable, realistic, and achievable
• D. Goals should be easy to achieve

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Goals need to be measurable, realistic, and achievable. Well-written goals should be specific and quantifiable to provide clear direction and motivation. Choice A is incorrect as goals should not be vague but rather specific. Choice B is incorrect as goals should be realistic to be attainable. Choice D is incorrect as goals should challenge individuals and not be too easy to achieve to promote growth and development.

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