Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an example of a tertiary prevention activity?

• A. Administering immunizations
• B. Physical therapy for stroke patients
• C. Routine health screenings
• D. Health education campaigns

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, physical therapy for stroke patients. Tertiary prevention aims to prevent complications and improve the quality of life for individuals who already have a disease or condition. Administering immunizations (choice A) is an example of primary prevention to prevent the onset of diseases. Routine health screenings (choice C) are part of secondary prevention to detect diseases early. Health education campaigns (choice D) typically fall under primary prevention by educating and promoting healthy behaviors to prevent diseases.

2. What behaviors can be observed before a person becomes violent? (EXCEPT)

• A. Wandering
• B. Tense shoulders and clenched fists
• C. Blank stare
• D. Positioned with one foot in back and an arm pulled back

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Before a person becomes violent, observable behaviors may include tense shoulders, clenched fists, a blank stare, and being positioned with one foot in back and an arm pulled back. Wandering is not typically associated with threatening behaviors signaling imminent violence. DelBel (2003) suggests that strategies such as relaxed body language, maintaining physical distance, and silence can help de-escalate an agitated individual's response.

3. A client is admitted to a medical-surgical unit after six hours in the emergency room. He requests that his AM care be delayed to allow him to rest. The nurse complies with his request. This is an example of which type of management philosophy?

• A. Continuous quality improvement
• B. Total quality management
• C. Six Sigma
• D. Quality management

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Total Quality Management (TQM) emphasizes meeting customer needs and satisfaction. In this scenario, by honoring the client's request to delay care to allow for rest, the nurse is aligning with the customer-focused approach of TQM. TQM seeks to continuously improve processes and services to enhance customer experiences and outcomes. Continuous Quality Improvement focuses on incremental improvements in processes and outcomes over time. Six Sigma is a data-driven approach to process improvement that aims to reduce defects and errors. Quality Management is a broader concept that encompasses various strategies to ensure quality standards are met.

4. Which of the following is a key principle of team nursing?

• A. Decentralized decision making
• B. Centralized decision making
• C. Individual accountability
• D. Shared responsibility

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Shared responsibility.' Team nursing emphasizes shared responsibility among team members for patient care. This approach promotes collaboration and coordination among healthcare professionals to deliver comprehensive and holistic care. Choices A and B are incorrect because team nursing typically involves collaborative decision-making rather than centralized or decentralized decision-making. Choice C, 'Individual accountability,' does not align with the collaborative nature of team nursing, where responsibility is shared among team members rather than falling solely on individuals.

5. Which of the following is a positive benefit of conflict within an organization?

• A. Conflict leads to compromise of values and beliefs.
• B. Conflict leads to intergroup collaboration.
• C. Conflict helps people recognize differences and motivates them towards improved performance.
• D. Conflict always results in a win-win resolution.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Conflict within an organization can have positive outcomes as it helps individuals recognize legitimate differences, fostering diversity of thought and perspectives. This recognition can serve as a motivator for individuals to enhance their performance in order to address and adapt to these differences effectively, ultimately leading to improved organizational outcomes. Choice A is incorrect because conflict should not lead to compromising core values and beliefs. Choice B is incorrect as conflict typically leads to competition rather than collaboration. Choice D is incorrect because conflict does not always result in a win-win resolution; in reality, conflicts often involve compromise and trade-offs rather than everyone winning.

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