Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is a role of platelets in hemostasis?

• A. formation of plugs
• B. promotion of vasodilation
• C. conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
• D. activation of calcium

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Platelets play a crucial role in hemostasis by forming plugs to stop bleeding. Choice B is incorrect because platelets do not promote vasodilation; instead, they help in vasoconstriction. Choice C is incorrect as the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin is a function of the coagulation cascade involving various clotting factors, not platelets. Choice D is incorrect as platelets do not directly activate calcium; instead, they play a role in the activation of other clotting factors.

2. The ability of an organism to sense and react to changes in its body illustrates

• A. circulation.
• B. respiration.
• C. responsiveness.
• D. absorption

Correct answer: C.

Rationale: The correct answer is 'responsiveness.' Responsiveness refers to the ability of an organism to detect and respond to stimuli in its environment. In this context, it specifically relates to an organism's ability to sense and react to changes within its body. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Circulation refers to the movement of fluids within an organism, respiration is the process of exchanging gases, and absorption is the uptake of substances by cells or tissues.

3. Which of the following is produced by the prostate gland?

• A. testosterone
• B. fluid to lubricate the head of the penis
• C. substance to enhance sperm mobility
• D. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'fluid to lubricate the head of the penis.' The prostate gland produces a milky fluid that makes up part of the seminal fluid, which helps to nourish and transport sperm. Testosterone is produced mainly by the testes, not the prostate gland. While the prostate gland does contribute to sperm mobility, its primary function is to produce the fluid that lubricates the penis during ejaculation. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone is produced by the hypothalamus and regulates the release of hormones from the pituitary gland.

4. Most of the terminology to name and describe body parts and their functions comes from

• A. Latin and Greek.
• B. English and Italian.
• C. Pictures drawn on the cave walls of our ancestors.
• D. The language of hunter-gatherers.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Latin and Greek. Medical terminology is largely derived from Latin and Greek roots. These languages have been foundational in the development of medical terminology due to the precision and descriptive nature of their vocabulary. Choice B, English and Italian, is incorrect because while some medical terms may have originated from these languages, the majority come from Latin and Greek. Choices C and D, pictures drawn on the cave walls of our ancestors and the language of hunter-gatherers, are both incorrect as they do not align with the historical origins of medical terminology.

5. An obstetrician tells a 42-year-old patient that she can have a healthy baby, but that she is of 'advanced maternal age.' The patient is so upset that she fails to listen to the rest of the doctor's advice, goes home in a huff, and immediately dyes her hair.

• A. the age of the sperm.
• B. the age of her eggs.
• C. her risk of developing diabetes.
• D. her cholesterol level, not her appearance.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'the age of her eggs.' As women age, the quality of their eggs decreases, leading to a higher risk of chromosomal abnormalities and infertility. This decline in egg quality is why advanced maternal age is associated with a higher risk of certain pregnancy complications. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the primary concern in this context is related to the age-related changes in a woman's eggs, not sperm, diabetes risk, or cholesterol levels.

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