Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is a hallmark sign of intussusception in children?

• A. Bilious vomiting
• B. "Currant jelly" stools
• C. Abdominal distention
• D. Constipation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: "Currant jelly" stools, consisting of mucus and blood, are characteristic of intussusception in children. It occurs due to the telescoping of a segment of the intestine into an adjacent segment, leading to obstruction and subsequent mucosal ischemia, causing the passage of bloody mucus in the stool. Bilious vomiting can be seen in other conditions like bowel obstruction, abdominal distention can be present but is not as specific, and constipation is less likely in the presentation of intussusception.

2. Which explains the importance of detecting strabismus in young children?

• A. Color vision deficit may result.
• B. Amblyopia, a type of blindness, may result.
• C. Epicanthal folds may develop in the affected eye
• D. Corneal light reflexes may fall symmetrically within each pupil

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Undetected strabismus can lead to amblyopia, where the brain favors one eye over the other, potentially resulting in permanent vision loss in the affected eye.

3. Where is the best place to observe for the presence of petechiae in dark-skinned individuals?

• A. Face
• B. Buttocks
• C. Oral mucosa
• D. Palms and soles

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The oral mucosa and conjunctivae are the best places to observe petechiae in dark-skinned individuals because these areas have less pigmentation.

4. In children with Type 1 diabetes, what is a common early sign of hypoglycemia?

• A. Irritability
• B. Rapid heartbeat
• C. Confusion
• D. Sweating

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Sweating is indeed one of the earliest signs of hypoglycemia in children with Type 1 diabetes. When blood sugar levels drop too low, the body releases stress hormones like adrenaline, which can lead to sweating. While irritability, rapid heartbeat, and confusion can also be seen in hypoglycemia, sweating is particularly common as a quick indicator of low blood sugar levels in children with Type 1 diabetes.

5. A 13-year-old boy comes to the school nurse complaining of sudden and severe scrotal pain. He denies any trauma to the scrotum. What is the most appropriate nursing action?

• A. Refer him for immediate medical evaluation
• B. Administer analgesics and recommend scrotal support.
• C. Apply an ice bag and observe for increasing pain.
• D. Reassure the adolescent that occasional pain is common with the changes of puberty.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Sudden and severe scrotal pain in an adolescent male is a medical emergency and may indicate testicular torsion, which requires immediate evaluation and intervention to prevent testicular loss.

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