Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following diagnostic tests may be performed to determine if a client has gastric cancer?

• A. Barium enema
• B. Colonoscopy
• C. Gastroscopy
• D. Serum chemistry levels

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A gastroscopy is performed to visualize the stomach lining and obtain biopsies to diagnose gastric cancer.

2. The client being seen in a physician’s office has just been scheduled for a barium swallow the next day. The nurse writes down which of the following instructions for the client to follow before the test?

• A. Fast for 8 hours before the test
• B. Eat a regular supper and breakfast
• C. Continue to take all oral medications as scheduled.
• D. Monitor own bowel movement pattern for constipation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Fasting for 8 hours ensures that the stomach is empty, which is necessary for an accurate barium swallow test.

3. The nurse is caring for a client following a Billroth II procedure. On review of the postoperative orders, which of the following if prescribed, should the nurse question and verify?

• A. Irrigating the nasogastric tube
• B. Coughing and deep breathing exercises
• C. Leg exercises
• D. Early ambulation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In a Billroth II procedure the proximal remnant of the stomach is anastomosed to the proximal jejunum. Patency of the nasogastric tube is critical for preventing the retention of gastric secretions. The nurse should never irrigate or reposition the gastric tube after gastric surgery, unless specifically ordered by the physician. In this situation the nurse should clarify the order. Coughing and deep breathing exercises, leg exercises, and early ambulation are appropriate postoperative interventions.

4. In a client with diarrhea, which outcome indicates that fluid resuscitation is successful?

• A. The client passes formed stools at regular intervals
• B. The client reports a decrease in stool frequency and liquidity
• C. The client exhibits firm skin turgor
• D. The client no longer experiences perianal burning

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Firm skin turgor indicates adequate hydration, which is a key goal of fluid resuscitation. Formed stools, decreased stool frequency, and relief from perianal burning are important but do not directly indicate successful fluid resuscitation.

5. A client with rectal cancer may exhibit which of the following symptoms?

• A. Abdominal fullness
• B. Gastric fullness
• C. Rectal bleeding
• D. Right upper quadrant pain

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Rectal bleeding is a common symptom in clients with rectal cancer.

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