Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following describes the event of ovulation?

• A. The fallopian tube moves the ovum to the uterus.
• B. The oocyte undergoes its first meiotic division.
• C. The Graafian follicle releases an ovum.
• D. The corpus luteum produces progesterone.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Ovulation is the release of a mature egg (ovum) from the Graafian follicle in the ovary. This process is essential for fertilization. Choice A is incorrect because the fallopian tube does not move the ovum to the uterus; rather, it provides a pathway for the egg to travel from the ovary to the uterus. Choice B is incorrect as the oocyte undergoes its first meiotic division after ovulation. Choice D is incorrect because the corpus luteum forms after ovulation and is responsible for producing progesterone.

2. In a normally functioning cardiovascular system, where does the heartbeat originate?

• A. Atrioventricular nodes
• B. Bundle of His
• C. Purkinje fibers
• D. Sinoatrial node

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is the Sinoatrial (SA) node. The SA node is known as the natural pacemaker of the heart as it initiates the electrical impulses responsible for the heartbeat. The other choices, such as the Atrioventricular (AV) nodes, Bundle of His, and Purkinje fibers, are involved in conducting the electrical signals generated by the SA node to coordinate the heart's contractions. Therefore, they do not serve as the primary origin of the heartbeat.

3. Which of the following types of cells is primarily responsible for the destruction of old cells and invasive micro-organisms?

• A. Basophils
• B. Eosinophils
• C. B-cells
• D. Macrophages

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Macrophages are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system by engulfing and digesting cellular debris, foreign substances, microbes, cancer cells, and old or damaged cells. Basophils are primarily involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections, eosinophils combat multicellular parasites and have a role in allergic reactions, and B-cells are responsible for producing antibodies. Therefore, the correct answer is macrophages as they are specialized in phagocytosis and removal of unwanted cells and microorganisms.

4. What is assimilation?

• A. changing absorbed substances into different chemical forms
• B. breaking down foods into nutrients that the body can absorb
• C. eliminating waste from the body
• D. an increase in body size without a change in overall shape

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Assimilation is the process of changing absorbed substances into different chemical forms. It occurs after nutrients from food are absorbed into the bloodstream and used by the body. Choice B, breaking down foods into nutrients that the body can absorb, refers to the process of digestion rather than assimilation. Choice C, eliminating waste from the body, describes the process of excretion. Choice D, an increase in body size without a change in overall shape, does not accurately define assimilation.

5. Is a cell the basic unit of structure and function of an organism?

• A. True
• B. False
• C. Not Sure
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: True. A cell is indeed the basic unit of structure and function of an organism. Cells are the smallest independently functioning unit in the structure of an organism and carry out vital functions necessary for life. Choice B, False, is incorrect because cells are universally recognized as the fundamental unit of life. Choice C, Not Sure, is incorrect as the role of a cell as the basic unit of an organism's structure and function is a well-established scientific fact. Choice D, None of the above, is incorrect as the statement provided in the question is true.

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