Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following are vital signs?

• A. Body temperature, blood pressure, and pulse rate
• B. Appearance of the skin, red blood cell count, oxygen level
• C. Body weight, age, gender
• D. Visual acuity and auditory sharpness

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Body temperature, blood pressure, and pulse rate. Vital signs are measurements that indicate the body's basic functions and are essential indicators of health. Body temperature, blood pressure, and pulse rate are classic vital signs routinely checked in medical settings to assess a person's overall health status. Choices B, C, and D are not considered vital signs. The appearance of the skin, red blood cell count, and oxygen level may provide valuable health information but are not classified as vital signs. Similarly, body weight, age, and gender are important factors in healthcare but are not vital signs. Visual acuity and auditory sharpness relate to sensory functions and are not typically categorized as vital signs.

2. Which of the following may indicate hypersecretion of thyroid hormone?

• A. weight loss
• B. Bradycardia
• C. cold intolerance
• D. lethargy

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Weight loss is a common symptom of hyperthyroidism, which is characterized by an excess secretion of thyroid hormone. This increased metabolic rate can lead to weight loss despite normal or increased appetite. Bradycardia (slow heart rate), cold intolerance, and lethargy are more commonly associated with hypothyroidism, where there is an insufficient production of thyroid hormone. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect in the context of hypersecretion of thyroid hormone.

3. A parietal layer of a serous membrane lines cavities, whereas a visceral layer of a serous membrane covers organs.

• A. covers organs; lines cavities
• B. lines cavities; covers organs
• C. secretes serous fluid; secretes mucus
• D. secretes mucus; secretes a serous fluid

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In serous membranes, the parietal layer lines the cavities, providing support and protection, while the visceral layer covers the organs, reducing friction and allowing them to move freely. Therefore, the correct answer is 'lines cavities; covers organs.' Choices C and D are incorrect because serous membranes do not secrete mucus; instead, they secrete a watery serous fluid. Choice A is incorrect as it reverses the functions of the parietal and visceral layers in relation to organs and cavities.

4. What is the most useful application of ultrasonography for diagnostic examination?

• A. dense organs, such as bones.
• B. air-filled organs, such as lungs.
• C. soft internal structures, such as fetuses.
• D. microscopic structures.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Ultrasonography is a medical imaging technique that uses sound waves to visualize internal body structures. It is particularly effective for examining soft tissues like organs, blood vessels, and fetuses. Choice A is incorrect because bones are better visualized using techniques like X-rays. Choice B is incorrect as air-filled organs like lungs are not well visualized with ultrasound due to air being a poor conductor of sound waves. Choice D is incorrect since ultrasonography cannot visualize structures at a microscopic level, as it is used for larger internal structures.

5. Is cadaver dissection against the law in the U.S.?

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C. Not Sure
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Cadaver dissection is not against the law in the U.S. In fact, cadaver dissection is a common practice in medical schools and research institutions for educational and research purposes. The correct answer is 'False' because there are specific regulations and ethical guidelines that govern the use of cadavers for dissection. Choice C, 'Not Sure,' is incorrect as the legality of cadaver dissection is a well-established fact. Choice D, 'None of the above,' is also incorrect as one of the provided options is indeed correct.

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