Nursing Elites

1. What information will the nurse include in teaching a female patient who has peripheral arterial disease, type 2 diabetes, and sensory neuropathy of the feet and legs?

• A. Select flat-soled leather shoes
• B. Apply heating pads on a low temperature.
• C. Avoid using callus remover for corns or calluses.
• D. Refrain from soaking feet in warm water for an hour each day.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to select flat-soled leather shoes. Patients with peripheral arterial disease, type 2 diabetes, and sensory neuropathy are at risk for foot injuries due to decreased sensation and poor circulation. Flat-soled leather shoes can help prevent injuries and provide adequate support without causing pressure points. Choice B is incorrect as using heating pads can lead to burns for patients with sensory neuropathy. Choice C is wrong because using callus remover may lead to skin damage for patients with compromised circulation. Choice D is not recommended as soaking feet in warm water can further damage the skin due to decreased sensation.

2. The nurse manager needs to buy six new hospital beds for the unit. What type of budget will be used for this expenditure?

• A. Operating budget
• B. Capital budget
• C. Salary budget
• D. Revenue budget

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Capital budget. The capital budget is used for expenditures related to physical renovations, new construction, and new equipment, such as hospital beds. Operating budget (choice A) focuses on day-to-day expenses like supplies and staffing. Salary budget (choice C) pertains specifically to personnel compensation. Revenue budget (choice D) deals with projected income and financial goals, not capital expenditures like purchasing new hospital beds.

3. Many patient classification systems have some type of shortcoming. Among these are:

• A. The client's condition changes before the next shift.
• B. The staffing needs are predicted on a short-term basis.
• C. The potential admissions cannot be accounted for.
• D. The staffing mix changes because of illness.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Patient classification systems have limitations in accounting for changes in a client's condition, unexpected influx of new admissions, and changes in staffing due to illness. These systems often focus on short-term staffing needs rather than utilizing demand management, which considers client outcomes to predict staffing needs over a longer period. Not being able to account for potential admissions can lead to challenges in effectively managing staff allocation and resources. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not address the specific limitation of patient classification systems related to accounting for potential admissions.

4. Verbal interventions with an agitated patient may be calming. These interventions include:

• A. Holding and reassuring the patient
• B. Encouraging other staff to distract the patient
• C. Remaining calm and keeping an arm's distance
• D. Standing close to the patient while talking

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Remaining calm and keeping an arm's distance. Agitated individuals benefit from minimal verbal and physical stimulation. They respond to their environment based on how nurses interact with them. If an individual feels threatened or cornered, the response will generally be self-protective and reactive. Standing close to the patient (choice D) can be perceived as invasive and may escalate the situation. Holding and reassuring the patient (choice A) may not be effective if the patient perceives it as intrusive. Encouraging other staff to distract the patient (choice B) may introduce unnecessary stimulation. Therefore, the recommended approach is to remain calm and keep a safe distance to provide a non-threatening environment for the agitated patient.

5. The length of a coaching session should be no longer than:

• A. 15 minutes.
• B. 60 minutes.
• C. 10 minutes.
• D. 30 minutes.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: '10 minutes.' Coaching sessions are recommended to last between 5-10 minutes to ensure they are concise and impactful. Choice A ('15 minutes') is incorrect because it exceeds the recommended duration. Choice B ('60 minutes') is incorrect as it is too long for an effective coaching session, leading to decreased engagement. Choice D ('30 minutes') is also incorrect as it surpasses the optimal time frame for a coaching session.

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