which drug is usually the best choice for patient controlled analgesia pca for a child in the immediate postoperative period

ATI RN

ATI Nursing Care of Children

1. Which drug is usually the best choice for patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) for a child in the immediate postoperative period?

A. Codeine sulfate (Codeine)
B. Morphine (Roxanol)
C. Methadone (Dolophine)
D. Meperidine (Demerol)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Morphine is the drug of choice for PCA in children because of its efficacy, safety profile, and rapid onset of action for pain management.

2. All of the following statements are true regarding the value of play except:

A. Play helps preschoolers develop moral values
B. Play helps develop muscle coordination, uses energy, and develops self-confidence
C. Play is the work of children
D. Play is not an effective way for the nurse to establish rapport with the child

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Play is an effective way to establish rapport with children as it helps build trust, communication, and a positive relationship. Choices A, B, and C are true statements about the value of play: A) Play helps preschoolers develop moral values by promoting social skills, cooperation, and empathy. B) Play aids in developing muscle coordination, utilizing energy, and fostering self-confidence through physical activities. C) 'Play is the work of children' emphasizes the importance of play in a child's development, learning, and creativity. Therefore, D is the correct answer as it incorrectly suggests that play is not an effective way for the nurse to establish rapport with the child.

3. If the needs of the infant are met in a loving, consistent manner, the infant will develop a sense of:

A. Trust
B. Love
C. Independence
D. Responsibility

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Trust. According to Erikson's psychosocial development theory, when infants receive consistent and loving care, they develop trust. This trust forms the basis of the first stage of psychosocial development, known as Trust vs. Mistrust. Trust is essential for healthy social and emotional development. Choice B, Love, is incorrect as it is more of an emotion than a developmental stage. Choice C, Independence, typically occurs later in development during Erikson's Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt stage. Choice D, Responsibility, is also not the correct answer as it relates more to later stages of development where individuals develop a sense of duty and obligation.

4. During a well-child checkup, the parent of a 5-year-old child reports the child seems much smaller than the 2 older siblings did at this same age. A review of the medical record reveals that the child is 44 inches tall and weighs 42 pounds. What information should be included in the response by the nurse?

A. The weight of your child at this time is within normal limits for this age but the child is moderately taller than other children this age.
B. Your child is within the acceptable range for height but the child is significantly smaller in weight for this age.
C. Your child is within normal limits for weight but the child is slightly shorter in stature than other children this age.
D. Your child is slightly taller than other children this age but the child’s weight is normal.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The child is slightly taller than average, but the weight is within normal limits. This information should be reassuring to the parent and provides insights into normal growth patterns. Choice A is incorrect as it inaccurately states that the child is taller than other children this age. Choice B is incorrect because the child's weight is actually within normal limits. Choice C is incorrect as it inaccurately states that the child is shorter in stature than other children this age.

5. Baby M is 5 months old. You notice that she now has the ability to grasp objects between her fingers and opposing thumb. This is known as:

A. Parachute reflex
B. Grasp reflex
C. Pincer grasp
D. Prehension

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pincer grasp. The pincer grasp is the ability to hold objects between the thumb and another finger, typically developed around 9-12 months. At 5 months, it is early for a pincer grasp to fully develop, but the beginning of this skill can be seen as early as 5 months. Choices A and B are incorrect as the parachute reflex is a protective response to falling and the grasp reflex is an automatic response to touch. Choice D, prehension, is a general term for the act of grasping or holding objects, but it does not specifically refer to holding objects between the thumb and fingers like the pincer grasp does.