which clinical manifestations should the nurse expect in a child diagnosed with nephroblastoma

ATI RN

RN Nursing Care of Children Online Practice 2019 A

1. Which clinical manifestations should the nurse expect in a child diagnosed with nephroblastoma?

A. Atrial fibrillation
B. Endocarditis
C. Hyperlipidemia
D. Hypertension

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hypertension. Nephroblastoma, also known as Wilms' tumor, often causes hypertension due to its impact on the kidney, which plays a role in regulating blood pressure. Atrial fibrillation (choice A) and endocarditis (choice B) are not typically associated with nephroblastoma. Hyperlipidemia (choice C) is also not a common clinical manifestation of nephroblastoma.

2. A child is admitted to the hospital with acute renal failure. The parents ask about the prognosis for acute renal failure. The nurse’s response should be based on which statement about acute renal failure?

A. Children with acute renal failure will have to take prophylactic antibiotics for life.
B. Acute renal failure always leads to chronic renal failure.
C. Acute renal failure may be reversible.
D. All children with acute renal failure will eventually need a kidney transplant.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Acute renal failure in children is often reversible, especially when the underlying cause is identified and treated promptly. It does not always lead to chronic renal failure or the need for a kidney transplant. Choice A is incorrect as prophylactic antibiotics for life are not a standard treatment for acute renal failure. Choice B is incorrect as acute renal failure does not always progress to chronic renal failure. Choice D is incorrect as not all children with acute renal failure will eventually require a kidney transplant.

3. What factor predisposes an infant to fluid imbalances?

A. Decreased surface area
B. Lower metabolic rate
C. Immature kidney functioning
D. Decreased daily exchange of extracellular fluid

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Infants have immature kidneys that are less efficient at concentrating urine, making them more susceptible to fluid imbalances. Their higher surface area to volume ratio also contributes to greater insensible fluid losses.

4. Where would nonpathologic cyanosis normally be present in the newborn shortly after birth?

A. Feet and hands
B. Bridge of nose
C. Circumoral area
D. Mucous membranes

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Nonpathologic cyanosis in newborns shortly after birth is typically present in the feet and hands, known as acrocyanosis. This is a normal finding due to the immature peripheral circulation in newborns. Cyanosis of the bridge of the nose, circumoral area, and mucous membranes indicates generalized cyanosis, which suggests a potential underlying distress or major abnormality. Therefore, choice A is correct as it describes the expected location for nonpathologic cyanosis in newborns, while choices B, C, and D represent areas associated with abnormal cyanosis.