Nursing Elites

1. When teaching a mother how to administer eye drops, where should the nurse tell her to place them?

• A. At the lacrimal duct
• B. On the sclera while the child looks to the outside
• C. In the conjunctival sac when the lower eyelid is pulled down
• D. Carefully under the eyelid while it is gently pulled upward

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Eye drops should be placed in the conjunctival sac, which allows the medication to be absorbed properly without causing irritation. Placing drops directly on the sclera or near the lacrimal duct is less effective and can cause discomfort.

2. Several types of seizures can occur in neonates. What is characteristic of clonic seizures?

• A. Apnea
• B. Tremors
• C. Extension of all four limbs
• D. Jerking that cannot be stopped by flexion of the affected limb

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Clonic seizures are characterized by slow, rhythmic, jerking movements that cannot be stopped by flexion of the affected limb. Therefore, the correct characteristic of clonic seizures is option D. Option A, apnea, is not characteristic of clonic seizures. Option B, tremors, does not describe clonic seizures accurately. Option C, extension of all four limbs, is not a typical feature of clonic seizures but rather seen in tonic seizures.

3. What should the healthcare provider consider when providing support to a family whose infant has just been diagnosed with biliary atresia?

• A. The prognosis for full recovery is excellent.
• B. Death usually occurs by 6 months of age.
• C. Liver transplantation may be needed eventually.
• D. Children with surgical correction live normal lives.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When supporting a family whose infant has been diagnosed with biliary atresia, it is important to consider that liver transplantation may be needed eventually. Biliary atresia is a serious condition where bile flow from the liver to the gallbladder is blocked or absent. While surgical interventions like the Kasai procedure can temporarily improve bile flow and delay the need for transplantation, the long-term survival often depends on liver transplantation as the child grows older. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the prognosis for full recovery is not excellent as biliary atresia is a chronic condition that often requires ongoing medical management, death usually does not occur by 6 months of age but the condition does require intervention, and not all children with surgical correction can live normal lives without the need for further interventions like transplantation.

4. A school-age child with celiac disease asks for guidance about snacks that will not exacerbate the disease. What snack should the nurse suggest?

• A. Pizza
• B. Pretzels
• C. Popcorn
• D. Oatmeal cookies

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Popcorn is a safe snack for a child with celiac disease as it is naturally gluten-free. Other options like pizza, pretzels, and oatmeal cookies typically contain gluten unless specifically made with gluten-free ingredients, which can exacerbate celiac symptoms. Therefore, popcorn is the best option to suggest to the child to avoid any adverse effects on their condition.

5. What is a common sign of moderate dehydration in children?

• A. Dry mucous membranes
• B. Normal capillary refill
• C. Hyperactive bowel sounds
• D. Edema

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Dry mucous membranes are a common sign of moderate dehydration in children, indicating a loss of bodily fluids. When a child is moderately dehydrated, the mucous membranes in the mouth and nose may appear dry. This condition can occur due to various factors such as vomiting, diarrhea, or inadequate fluid intake. Normal capillary refill (choice B) is not typically associated with dehydration; it is a measure of circulatory status. Hyperactive bowel sounds (choice C) can be present in conditions like gastroenteritis but are not specific to dehydration. Edema (choice D) is the retention of fluid in the body and is not a typical sign of dehydration.

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