Nursing Elites

1. When rickets occurs, how is the alveolar bone affected compared to other bones in the body?

• A. Both statements are true.
• B. Both statements are false.
• C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
• D. The first statement is false; the second is true.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Both statements are true. When rickets occurs, the alveolar bone is affected similar to other bones in the body, with the trabeculae of the alveolar bone also weakening. In addition to damaged alveolar bone caused by vitamin D deficiency, dental changes include delayed dentition and small molars. The other choices are incorrect because both statements provided are accurate based on the effects of rickets on the alveolar bone.

2. What type of debridement involves proteolytic enzymes?

• A. Interventional C. Surgical
• B. Mechanical D. Chemical
• C.
• D.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nursing interventions should be grounded in a deep understanding of the physiological processes involved, ensuring that care provided is both effective and efficient.

3. What is one of the best nutritional actions a caregiver can take to help a patient with Alzheimer's disease maintain appropriate body weight?

• A. Thicken liquids to prevent choking
• B. Supervise food planning and mealtimes
• C. Assist the person in completing a grocery checklist
• D. Feed the person their meals and snacks

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, 'Supervise food planning and mealtimes'. This action ensures the patient with Alzheimer's disease maintains an appropriate diet and body weight, thus reducing the risk of malnutrition. While choices A, 'Thicken liquids to prevent choking', C, 'Assist the person in completing a grocery checklist', and D, 'Feed the person their meals and snacks', might be beneficial in certain circumstances, they do not directly contribute to the maintenance of appropriate body weight as effectively as supervising food planning and mealtimes does.

4. A client who is breastfeeding is being taught diet modification by a nurse. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. I should drink an 8-ounce glass of water each time my baby nurses.
• B. I should take a 1500-milligram iron supplement daily.
• C. I can eat a 2500-calorie daily diet to lose 1 lb per week.
• D. I can eat ounces of swordfish daily.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because drinking an 8-ounce glass of water each time the baby nurses helps maintain hydration and support milk production. Choice B is incorrect as the need for iron supplementation should be discussed with a healthcare provider. Choice C is incorrect as a 2500-calorie diet is not typically recommended for weight loss during breastfeeding. Choice D is incorrect as consuming high levels of swordfish is not advisable due to its mercury content, which can be harmful to the baby.

5. Which type of medication is most likely to induce xerostomia?

• A. Antibiotics
• B. Diuretics
• C. Local anesthetics
• D. Anticholinergics

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Anticholinergics. Anticholinergic medications commonly cause xerostomia by inhibiting saliva production, leading to dry mouth. Antibiotics (choice A) are not typically associated with xerostomia. Diuretics (choice B) increase urine production but do not directly affect saliva production. Local anesthetics (choice C) are used to numb specific areas during dental procedures and do not induce xerostomia.

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