Nursing Elites

1. When planning the care of a patient with a fluid imbalance, the nurse understands that in the human body, water and electrolytes move from the arterial capillary bed to the interstitial fluid. What causes this to occur?

• A. Active transport of hydrogen ions across the capillary walls
• B. Pressure of the blood in the renal capillaries
• C. Action of the dissolved particles contained in a unit of blood
• D. Hydrostatic pressure resulting from the pumping action of the heart

Correct answer: D

Rationale:

2. A nurse develops a plan of care for a client who has a history of hypocalcemia. What interventions should the nurse include in this clients care plan? (Select all that apply.)

• A. Use a draw sheet to reposition the client in bed.
• B. . Strain all urine output and assess for urinary stones.
• C. Provide nonslip footwear for the client to use when out of bed.
• D.

Correct answer: B

Rationale:

3. Which of the following organs does not contribute to fluid output from the body?

• A. Lungs
• B. Skin
• C. Intestine
• D. Lungs, skin, and intestine

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. All the listed organs (lungs, skin, and intestines) contribute to fluid loss from the body. Lungs contribute to fluid loss through respiration, skin through sweating, and intestines through excretion. Therefore, none of the organs listed in the options retain fluids within the body. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because all of these organs play a role in fluid output from the body.

4. Which of the following statements is correct?

• A. People with less body fat have more body water.
• B. Infants have more water per pound than adults.
• C. Females have more body water per pound than males.
• D. Infants have the same water content per pound as adults.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct statement is that people with less body fat have more body water. This is because fat tissue contains less water compared to lean tissue, so individuals with less body fat generally have a higher percentage of body water. Choice B is incorrect as infants actually have more water per pound than adults due to their higher body water content. Choice C is incorrect as males typically have more body water per pound than females. Choice D is incorrect as infants have a higher water content per pound compared to adults.

5. A nurse is caring for a patient who requires measurement of specific gravity every 4 hours. What does this test detect?

• A. Nutritional deficit
• B. Hyperkalemia
• C. Hypercalcemia
• D. Fluid volume status

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Specific gravity is a test used to determine the concentration of solutes in the urine, reflecting the kidney's ability to concentrate urine. Changes in specific gravity can indicate fluid volume status, such as dehydration (fluid volume deficit) or overhydration (fluid volume excess). Options A, B, and C are incorrect as specific gravity does not directly detect nutritional deficits, hyperkalemia, or hypercalcemia.

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