Nursing Elites

1. The term used to describe a blood sodium level of more than 145 mEq/L is:

• A. hyponatremia.
• B. hyperkalemia.
• C. hypernatremia.
• D. hypercalcemia.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: hypernatremia. Hypernatremia refers to an elevated level of sodium in the blood, specifically when it is more than 145 mEq/L. Choice A, hyponatremia, is incorrect as it refers to low sodium levels. Choice B, hyperkalemia, is incorrect as it refers to high potassium levels, not sodium. Choice D, hypercalcemia, is also incorrect as it relates to elevated calcium levels, not sodium.

2. A nurse teaches a client who is prescribed a central vascular access device. Which statement should the nurse include in this clients teaching?

• A. You will need to wear a sling on your arm while the device is in place
• B. There is no risk of infection because sterile technique will be used during insertion.
• C. . Ask all providers to vigorously clean the connections prior to accessing the device.
• D. You will not be able to take a bath with this vascular access device.

Correct answer: C

Rationale:

3. A nurse assesses a client who is experiencing an acid-base imbalance. The clients arterial blood gas values are pH 7.34, PaO2 88 mm Hg, PaCO2 38 mm Hg, and HCO3 19 mEq/L. Which assessment should the nurse perform first?

• A. . Cardiac rate and rhythm
• B. Skin and mucous membranes
• C. Musculoskeletal strength
• D. Level of orientation

Correct answer: A

Rationale:

4. A nurse is caring for a client who has the following arterial blood values: pH 7.12, PaO2 56 mm Hg, PaCO2 65 mm Hg, and HCO3 22 mEq/L. Which clinical situation should the nurse correlate with these values?

• A. . Diabetic ketoacidosis in a person with emphysema
• B. Bronchial obstruction related to aspiration of a hot dog
• C. Anxiety-induced hyperventilation in an adolescen
• D. Diarrhea for 36 hours in an older, frail woman

Correct answer: A

Rationale:

5. A patient's most recent laboratory results show a slight decrease in potassium. The physician has opted to forego drug therapy but has suggested increasing the patient's dietary intake of potassium. Which of the following would be a good source of potassium?

• A. Apples
• B. Asparagus
• C. Carrots
• D. Bananas

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Bananas are an excellent source of potassium. They are a popular choice for increasing dietary potassium intake due to their rich potassium content. Apples, asparagus, and carrots do not contain as high levels of potassium as bananas. While these fruits and vegetables are nutritious, they are not as effective in addressing a potassium deficiency as bananas.

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