when assessing a child with leukemia which clinical manifestations should the nurse anticipate

ATI RN

RN Nursing Care of Children 2019 With NGN

1. When assessing a child with leukemia, which clinical manifestations should the nurse anticipate?

A. Petechiae, fever, fatigue
B. Headache, papilledema, irritability
C. Muscle wasting, weight loss, fatigue
D. Decreased intracranial pressure, psychosis, confusion

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Petechiae, fever, fatigue. Children with leukemia commonly present with petechiae (due to low platelet count), fever (due to infection), and fatigue (due to anemia), which are classic manifestations of the disease. Option B is incorrect because headache, papilledema, and irritability are more indicative of increased intracranial pressure, not leukemia. Option C is incorrect as muscle wasting and weight loss are not typical initial manifestations of leukemia in children. Option D is incorrect as decreased intracranial pressure, psychosis, and confusion are not commonly associated with leukemia.

2. A parent brings their 2-year-old son in for a well visit. The nurse assesses his growth since the last appointment. Which finding should concern the nurse?

A. Prominent abdomen
B. Forward curve of the spine in the sacral area
C. Increase in height of 5 inches in the past year
D. Total weight gain of 15 lb in the past year

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. A total weight gain of 15 lb in one year for a 2-year-old is excessive and may indicate an underlying issue such as a metabolic disorder or overfeeding. This rapid weight gain can put the child at risk for health problems. Choices A, B, and C are not typically concerning findings in a 2-year-old. A prominent abdomen can be normal at this age due to a toddler's slightly protruding belly, a forward curve of the spine at the sacral area is a typical finding in young children, and an increase in height of 5 inches in a year is within the expected range of growth for a 2-year-old.

3. What do mortality statistics describe?

A. Disease occurring regularly within a geographic location
B. The number of individuals who have died over a specific period
C. The prevalence of specific illness in the population at a particular time
D. Disease occurring in more than the number of expected cases in a community

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Mortality statistics describe the number of individuals who have died over a specific period, providing insight into public health concerns.

4. Which is the most frequently used test for measuring visual acuity?

A. Snellen letter chart
B. Ishihara vision test
C. Allen picture card test
D. Denver eye screening test

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The Snellen letter chart is the most commonly used test for measuring visual acuity, particularly in school-age children and adults.

5. The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to parents of a 4-month-old infant on preventing an aspiration injury. What should the nurse include in the teaching?

A. Keep baby powder out of reach.
B. Inspect toys for removable parts.
C. Allow the infant to take a bottle to bed.
D. Teething biscuits can be used for teething discomfort.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Baby powder can be inhaled by the infant and cause respiratory distress. Toys should be inspected to prevent choking hazards. Allowing an infant to take a bottle to bed can increase the risk of aspiration, and hard foods like teething biscuits should be given with caution.