Nursing Elites

1. What type of drug would most likely be given to a patient following a myocardial infarction?

• A. antiemetic
• B. anticoagulant
• C. anticonvulsant
• D. antibiotic

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Anticoagulants are the most suitable choice for a patient following a myocardial infarction. These medications are essential in preventing further blood clots from forming in the arteries, reducing the risk of complications such as strokes or recurrent heart attacks. Antiemetics are used to control nausea and vomiting, not directly related to myocardial infarction. Anticonvulsants are used to manage seizures, not typically indicated after a heart attack. Antibiotics are prescribed to treat bacterial infections, not routinely given after a myocardial infarction.

2. In the hospital, when you need the medical record of a discharged patient for research you will request permission through:

• A. Doctor in charge
• B. The hospital director
• C. The nursing service
• D. Medical records section

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

3. A nurse is providing MyPlate education to a client newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Which plate chosen by the client indicates the teaching was effective, according to the MyPlate guidelines?

• A. 1/2 of the plate is filled with carbohydrate foods, 1/4 filled with protein foods, and 1/4 filled with fruits and vegetables
• B. 1/2 of the plate is filled with protein foods, 1/4 filled with carbohydrates, and 1/4 filled with non-starchy vegetables
• C. 1/2 of the plate is filled with carbohydrates, 1/4 filled with protein foods, and 1/4 filled with non-starchy vegetables
• D. 1/2 of the plate is filled with non-starchy vegetables, 1/4 filled with protein foods, and 1/4 filled with carbohydrate foods

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. This option reflects the MyPlate guidelines for managing diabetes effectively. In diabetes management, it is essential to focus on non-starchy vegetables, appropriate protein portions, and controlled carbohydrate intake. Option A places too much emphasis on carbohydrates, which may not be suitable for diabetes. Option B swaps the proportions of protein and carbohydrates, which is not in line with the recommended distribution. Option C places too much emphasis on carbohydrates and lacks the emphasis on non-starchy vegetables, making it less suitable for diabetes management.

4. Which food item should be recommended to prevent choking in toddlers?

• A. Banana slices
• B. Popcorn
• C. Hot dogs
• D. Carrot sticks

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Banana slices are less likely to cause choking compared to other options.

5. After cleaning the abrasions and applying antiseptic, the nurse applies a cold compress to the swollen ankle as ordered by the physician. This statement shows that the nurse has a correct understanding of the use of a cold compress:

• A. Cold compress reduces blood viscosity in the affected area
• B. It is safer to apply than a hot compress
• C. Cold compress prevents edema and reduces pain
• D. It eliminates toxic waste products due to vasodilation

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct understanding of using a cold compress includes knowing that it helps prevent edema and reduces pain. Cold application constricts blood vessels, reducing blood flow to the area, which helps decrease swelling and pain. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because cold compresses do not directly affect blood viscosity, safety compared to hot compresses, or eliminate toxic waste products due to vasodilation. It is essential for nurses to have a clear understanding of the rationale behind interventions to provide effective patient care.

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