Nursing Elites

1. What signs and symptoms are indicative of a urinary tract disorder in the infancy period (1-24 months)? (Select all that apply.)

• A. All below
• B. Poor feeding
• C. Hypothermia
• D. Frequent urination

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In infants, urinary tract disorders may present with poor feeding, hypothermia, and frequent urination. Pallor can be associated with other conditions but is less specific to urinary tract disorders.

2. A nurse must do a venipuncture on a 6-year-old child. What consideration is important in providing atraumatic care?

• A. Use an 18-gauge needle if possible.
• B. Show the child the equipment to be used before the procedure.
• C. If not successful after four attempts, have another nurse try.
• D. Restrain the child completely.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Showing the child the equipment before the procedure helps build trust and reduces fear. Using an 18-gauge needle is too large for a child, and multiple attempts can increase trauma. Restraining completely can increase fear and anxiety.

3. What is the typical presentation of pyloric stenosis in infants?

• A. Bilious vomiting
• B. Projectile vomiting
• C. Blood in stools
• D. Failure to thrive

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Projectile vomiting. Pyloric stenosis in infants typically presents with projectile vomiting, which is forceful and projective in nature. This occurs due to the obstruction at the pylorus, leading to the stomach being unable to empty properly. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Bilious vomiting is more commonly associated with intestinal obstruction, blood in stools can occur in conditions such as necrotizing enterocolitis or allergic colitis, and failure to thrive is a nonspecific finding that can be seen in various pediatric conditions.

4. Which dietary information should the nurse include in the teaching plan for a school-age child with chronic renal failure?

• A. High in sodium
• B. Low in Vitamin D
• C. Low in phosphorus
• D. Supplementation of vitamins C, E, K

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A low-phosphorus diet is recommended for children with chronic renal failure to prevent hyperphosphatemia, which can lead to bone disease and other complications. Phosphorus is found in many processed foods and should be limited. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because high sodium intake can lead to fluid retention and hypertension, while Vitamin D supplementation and vitamins C, E, K are not specifically indicated for dietary recommendations in chronic renal failure.

5. When should the dressing change for a post-op pediatric patient that is expected to be very painful and frightening be performed?

• A. In the patient’s room
• B. In the treatment room
• C. After discharge when the patient is at home
• D. In the playroom

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'In the treatment room.' Performing painful procedures in the treatment room helps the child associate their own room with safety and comfort, not pain. Choice A is incorrect because performing the dressing change in the patient’s room may create a negative association with their safe space. Choice C is incorrect as it is important to ensure proper wound care and pain management before discharge. Choice D is incorrect as the playroom may not be equipped for a sterile dressing change.

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