Nursing Elites

1. What procedure is most appropriate for the assessment of an abdominal circumference related to a bowel obstruction?

• A. Measuring the abdomen after feedings
• B. Marking the point of measurement with a pen
• C. Measuring the circumference at the symphysis pubis
• D. Using a new tape measure with each assessment to ensure accuracy

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Marking the point of measurement ensures consistent and accurate assessments of abdominal circumference, especially important in conditions like bowel obstruction where changes need to be monitored closely.

2. What do the clinical manifestations of minimal change nephrotic syndrome include?

• A. Hematuria, bacteriuria, and weight gain
• B. Gross hematuria, albuminuria, and fever
• C. Hypertension, weight loss, and proteinuria
• D. Massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Minimal change nephrotic syndrome is characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema due to the loss of protein in the urine. Hematuria, bacteriuria, and weight loss are not typical features of this condition.

3. Clinical manifestations of sodium excess (hypernatremia) include which signs or symptoms?

• A. Hyperreflexia
• B. Abdominal cramps
• C. Cardiac dysrhythmias
• D. Dry, sticky mucous membranes

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Hypernatremia often presents with dry, sticky mucous membranes due to dehydration. Hyperreflexia and abdominal cramps may also occur, but dry mucous membranes are more consistently observed in cases of sodium excess.

4. What component should be included in the nutritional management of a child with Crohn's disease?

• A. High fiber
• B. Increased protein
• C. Reduced calories
• D. Herbal supplements

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increased protein. Children with Crohn's disease require a diet high in protein to support growth and tissue repair. High fiber should be avoided as it can exacerbate symptoms of Crohn's disease. Reducing calories can lead to malnutrition, which is detrimental in this condition. Herbal supplements should be used cautiously and only under medical advice as they may interact with medications or worsen symptoms.

5. What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants?

• A. Adenovirus
• B. Influenza virus
• C. Respiratory syncytial virus
• D. Parainfluenza virus

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). RSV is the leading cause of bronchiolitis, a common respiratory condition in infants that results in inflammation of the small airways in the lung. It is highly contagious and can cause severe respiratory distress in young children, particularly those under 2 years old. Choice A, Adenovirus, is not the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants. Choice B, Influenza virus, may cause respiratory infections but is not the primary cause of bronchiolitis. Choice D, Parainfluenza virus, can cause croup and other upper respiratory infections but is not the main cause of bronchiolitis in infants.

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