what is the primary symptom of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in a newborn
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Nursing Elites

ATI RN

ATI Nursing Care of Children 2019 B

1. What is the primary symptom of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in a newborn?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Absent breath sounds on the affected side are a primary symptom of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Cyanosis, bradycardia, and tachypnea may also be present but are not the primary symptom. Cyanosis is a bluish discoloration of the skin due to poor oxygenation, bradycardia is a slower than normal heart rate, and tachypnea is rapid breathing.

2. When should the dressing change for a post-op pediatric patient that is expected to be very painful and frightening be performed?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'In the treatment room.' Performing painful procedures in the treatment room helps the child associate their own room with safety and comfort, not pain. Choice A is incorrect because performing the dressing change in the patient’s room may create a negative association with their safe space. Choice C is incorrect as it is important to ensure proper wound care and pain management before discharge. Choice D is incorrect as the playroom may not be equipped for a sterile dressing change.

3. What nursing consideration is most important when caring for a child with end-stage renal disease (ESRD)?

Correct answer: D

Rationale: ESRD places significant stress on both the child and the family due to the ongoing need for dialysis, medications, and lifestyle restrictions, making it important for healthcare providers to offer extensive support and resources to manage these challenges.

4. The nurse is discussing issues that are important with parents considering a cross-racial adoption. Which statement made by the parents indicates further teaching is needed?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The statement about making sure others realize the child is part of the family may indicate a focus on external validation rather than on the child’s needs and identity, suggesting a need for further teaching.

5. According to Erikson’s developmental theory, toddlers need to be encouraged to become independent to successfully complete which developmental challenge?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Autonomy vs. shame and doubt. Erikson's developmental stage for toddlers focuses on the conflict between developing a sense of independence (autonomy) and feelings of inadequacy (shame and doubt). Encouraging toddlers to explore their environment and make choices helps them build self-confidence and independence. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because trust vs. mistrust relates to infancy, industry vs. inferiority is associated with school-age children, and initiative vs. guilt is linked to preschoolers.

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