Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary goal in the treatment of a child with nephrotic syndrome?

• A. Decrease urine output
• B. Increase serum albumin
• C. Reduce proteinuria
• D. Increase blood pressure

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary goal in treating nephrotic syndrome in children is to reduce proteinuria. Nephrotic syndrome is characterized by proteinuria, leading to hypoalbuminemia and edema. By reducing proteinuria, kidney damage can be minimized, and symptoms can be managed effectively. Decreasing urine output (Choice A) is not the primary goal, as it does not address the underlying issue of protein loss. Increasing serum albumin (Choice B) is a consequence of reducing proteinuria rather than the primary goal. Increasing blood pressure (Choice D) is not a goal in treating nephrotic syndrome and may even be contraindicated to prevent further kidney damage.

2. Which is described as an elevated, circumscribed skin lesion that is less than 1 cm in diameter and filled with serous fluid?

• A. Cyst
• B. Papule
• C. Pustule
• D. Vesicle

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A vesicle is an elevated, circumscribed lesion filled with serous fluid, typically less than 1 cm in diameter.

3. The nurse is seeing an adolescent and the parents in the clinic for the first time. Which should the nurse do first?

• A. Introduce him- or herself
• B. Make the family comfortable
• C. Give assurance of privacy
• D. Explain the purpose of the interview

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Introducing oneself is the first step in establishing a rapport and setting a professional tone for the interaction.

4. What is the typical presentation of pyloric stenosis in infants?

• A. Bilious vomiting
• B. Projectile vomiting
• C. Blood in stools
• D. Failure to thrive

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Projectile vomiting. Pyloric stenosis in infants typically presents with projectile vomiting, which is forceful and projective in nature. This occurs due to the obstruction at the pylorus, leading to the stomach being unable to empty properly. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Bilious vomiting is more commonly associated with intestinal obstruction, blood in stools can occur in conditions such as necrotizing enterocolitis or allergic colitis, and failure to thrive is a nonspecific finding that can be seen in various pediatric conditions.

5. The nurse is assessing a child with type 2 diabetes. The child is awake and alert with a serum glucose of 60 mg/dL. What action should the nurse take?

• A. Administer Insulin.
• B. Administer Epinephrine.
• C. Give 15 grams of carbohydrates.
• D. Give glucagon by injection.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: For a conscious child with mild hypoglycemia, giving 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates is the appropriate intervention. This can quickly raise blood glucose levels to prevent further complications. Administering insulin (Choice A) would further lower the glucose level, which is not suitable in this scenario. Administering epinephrine (Choice B) is not indicated for hypoglycemia. Glucagon (Choice D) is used for severe hypoglycemia with altered consciousness, not for mild cases where the child is awake and alert.

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