Nursing Elites

1. What is the most appropriate intervention for a client experiencing acute alcohol withdrawal?

• A. Encourage physical activity to reduce withdrawal symptoms
• B. Administer diazepam to prevent seizures
• C. Monitor for signs of dehydration
• D. Encourage the client to verbalize their feelings

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The most appropriate intervention for a client experiencing acute alcohol withdrawal is to administer diazepam. Diazepam is a benzodiazepine commonly used to prevent seizures and manage the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal. Encouraging physical activity may not be safe during acute withdrawal as the client may be at risk for seizures and other complications. Monitoring for signs of dehydration is important but not the most immediate intervention needed in acute alcohol withdrawal. While encouraging the client to verbalize their feelings is beneficial for therapeutic communication, it is not the priority intervention when managing acute alcohol withdrawal.

2. What is a key component of a comprehensive discharge plan for a patient with heart failure?

• A. Advising on appropriate physical activity and exercise
• B. Fluid restriction to prevent fluid overload
• C. Dietary recommendations, including a low-sodium diet
• D. Medication management, including diuretics and ACE inhibitors

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The main components of a comprehensive discharge plan for a patient with heart failure include advising on appropriate physical activity and exercise to improve cardiovascular health and overall well-being. While fluid restriction and dietary recommendations are important aspects of heart failure management, advising on physical activity and exercise is crucial for improving cardiac function and quality of life post-discharge. Medication management is also essential but focusing on physical activity is particularly relevant for long-term management and preventing readmissions.

3. The surgical mask the perioperative nurse is wearing becomes moist. Which action will the perioperative nurse take next?

• A. Do not change the mask if the nurse is comfortable.
• B. Change the mask when relieved by the next shift.
• C. Apply a new mask.
• D. Reapply the mask after it air-dries.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When a surgical mask becomes moist, it loses its effectiveness as a barrier against microorganisms. Therefore, the perioperative nurse should apply a new mask. Choice A is incorrect because a moist mask should not be continued to be worn even if the nurse is comfortable. Choice B is not the best course of action as the mask should be changed immediately when it becomes moist. Choice D is also incorrect as waiting for the mask to air-dry is not recommended due to the loss of barrier effectiveness.

4. What is the primary intervention for a client diagnosed with delirium?

• A. Provide a quiet and calm environment to minimize confusion
• B. Administer medication to reverse the symptoms of delirium
• C. Provide opportunities for social interaction to reduce isolation
• D. Encourage the client to remain physically active

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Provide a quiet and calm environment to minimize confusion. For clients diagnosed with delirium, creating a tranquil setting can help reduce agitation and disorientation. This intervention aims to decrease stimuli that may exacerbate symptoms. Administering medication (choice B) is not the primary intervention for delirium; it is usually reserved for specific underlying causes. While social interaction (choice C) and physical activity (choice D) are beneficial for overall well-being, they are not the primary interventions for managing delirium.

5. A patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is being cared for by a nurse. What is the most appropriate action to improve the patient's oxygenation?

• A. Encourage the patient to use incentive spirometry.
• B. Administer oxygen via nasal cannula as prescribed.
• C. Assist the patient with coughing and deep breathing exercises.
• D. Position the patient in a high Fowler's position.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Administering oxygen via nasal cannula as prescribed is the most appropriate action to improve the patient's oxygenation in COPD. Oxygen therapy helps maintain adequate oxygen levels in the blood, which is crucial for managing COPD. Encouraging the use of incentive spirometry, assisting with coughing and deep breathing exercises, and positioning the patient in high Fowler's position are all beneficial interventions, but administering oxygen is the priority for immediate oxygenation support in COPD.

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