Nursing Elites

1. What is the most appropriate action for a healthcare professional to take when a medication error occurs?

• A. Document the error in the patient's medical record.
• B. Report the error to the healthcare provider immediately.
• C. Apologize to the patient and explain what happened.
• D. Continue administering the medication and monitor the patient closely.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When a medication error occurs, the most appropriate action for a healthcare professional is to report the error to the healthcare provider immediately. This is crucial for ensuring prompt corrective action to mitigate any potential harm to the patient. Documenting the error is important but should come after reporting it to the relevant authorities. Apologizing to the patient is important for maintaining trust and communication but should not take precedence over reporting and addressing the error. Continuing to administer the medication without addressing the error is unsafe and goes against patient safety protocols.

2. Which of the following clients requiring crutches should a nurse teach about how to use a three-point gait?

• A. A client who has a right femur fracture with no weight-bearing on the affected leg
• B. A client who has bilateral leg braces due to paralysis of the lower extremities
• C. A client who has bilateral knee replacements with partial weight-bearing on both legs
• D. A client who is able to bear full weight on both lower extremities

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A three-point gait is recommended for clients who are non-weight bearing on one leg. In this case, a client with a right femur fracture requiring no weight-bearing on the affected leg would benefit from learning how to use a three-point gait. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they involve clients who have varying degrees of weight-bearing ability on both legs, which would not require the use of a three-point gait.

3. A nurse observes a colleague not using proper hand hygiene. What should the nurse do first?

• A. Ignore the behavior and continue with care
• B. Discuss the behavior with other colleagues
• C. Confront the colleague about the behavior
• D. Report the behavior to the supervisor

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take first is to report the behavior to the supervisor. Proper hand hygiene is essential in preventing the spread of infections in healthcare settings. By reporting the observed behavior to the supervisor, the nurse is prioritizing patient safety and promoting a culture of accountability. Ignoring the behavior (Choice A) can put patients at risk, discussing it with other colleagues (Choice B) may not address the issue effectively, and confronting the colleague directly (Choice C) might not be the most appropriate initial step and could lead to conflicts rather than a constructive resolution.

4. What are the nursing interventions for a patient with acute kidney injury (AKI)?

• A. Preparing the patient for dialysis if necessary
• B. Providing dietary modifications to reduce potassium
• C. Monitoring urine output and electrolytes
• D. Administering fluids and monitoring blood pressure

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct nursing intervention for a patient with acute kidney injury (AKI) includes preparing the patient for dialysis if necessary. While choices B, C, and D are also important aspects of managing AKI, the critical intervention in severe cases is to prepare the patient for dialysis to support kidney function. Providing dietary modifications to reduce potassium, monitoring urine output and electrolytes, and administering fluids are essential components of the overall care plan for AKI patients, but in cases where the condition is severe or if conservative management fails, dialysis may be required to support the patient's kidney function and prevent further complications.

5. What intervention should the nurse implement for a patient receiving a blood transfusion?

• A. Administer antihistamines to prevent allergic reactions.
• B. Monitor the patient for signs of circulatory overload.
• C. Ensure the blood transfusion is completed within 4 hours.
• D. Check the patient's vital signs every 30 minutes during the transfusion.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct intervention for a patient receiving a blood transfusion is to monitor the patient for signs of circulatory overload. This is crucial to prevent fluid overload, which can lead to serious complications. Administering antihistamines is not a routine intervention during blood transfusions unless the patient shows signs of an allergic reaction. Ensuring the completion of the blood transfusion within a specific time frame is not as critical as monitoring for circulatory overload. Checking vital signs every 30 minutes is essential, but the specific focus should be on monitoring for signs of circulatory overload.

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