Nursing Elites

1. What is the function of the gallbladder?

• A. Filters all of the blood in the body and breaks down poisonous substances, such as alcohol and drugs
• B. Make enzymes
• C. Store and concentrate bile, a fluid produced by the liver that helps with fat digestion
• D. Helps to further digest food

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Store and concentrate bile, a fluid produced by the liver that helps with fat digestion. The gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver and releases it to aid in the digestion of fats. Choice A is incorrect as the liver, not the gallbladder, filters blood and detoxifies harmful substances. Choice B is incorrect because the production of enzymes primarily occurs in the pancreas, not the gallbladder. Choice D is incorrect as the gallbladder's main role is not to further digest food but to store and release bile.

2. Homeostasis exists if concentrations of water, nutrients, and oxygen in the body and heat and pressure __________.

• A. decrease steadily
• B. remain within certain limited ranges
• C. increase when the body is stressed
• D. fluctuate greatly between very high and low values

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes. To achieve this balance, concentrations of essential substances must remain within specific ranges. Choice A is incorrect because decreasing concentrations would not maintain stability. Choice C is incorrect as increasing concentrations when the body is stressed would disrupt homeostasis. Choice D is incorrect as fluctuating greatly between high and low values would also not support the body's stability. Therefore, the correct answer is B, as it aligns with the concept of homeostasis by emphasizing the need for stability within certain limits.

3. Which of the following bones is a component of the appendicular skeleton?

• A. Xiphoid process
• B. Symphysis pubis
• C. Sacrum
• D. Sternum

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Symphysis pubis. The symphysis pubis is a component of the appendicular skeleton, specifically part of the pelvic girdle. The xiphoid process (Choice A) is part of the axial skeleton, located at the lower end of the sternum. The sacrum (Choice C) is also part of the axial skeleton, forming the posterior part of the pelvis. The sternum (Choice D) is part of the axial skeleton, located in the center of the chest.

4. Magnetic resonance imaging might be used to

• A. distinguish between normal and abnormal tissue.
• B. examine an injured knee.
• C. provide detailed images of the brain.
• D. do both A and B.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Magnetic resonance imaging, commonly known as MRI, is a non-invasive imaging technique used to visualize internal structures of the body. While it can be used to distinguish between normal and abnormal tissue, one of its common applications is to examine musculoskeletal injuries, such as an injured knee. Choice A has been corrected to mention 'normal and abnormal tissue' instead of 'normal and cancerous tissue' as MRI is not solely used for cancer detection. Choice C is incorrect as MRI can provide detailed images of various body parts, not just limited to the brain. Therefore, the correct answer is to examine an injured knee.

5. Which of the following processes does not help maintain the life of an individual organism?

• A. Responsiveness
• B. Movement
• C. Reproduction
• D. Respiration

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Reproduction is the correct answer because it is not essential for maintaining the life of an individual organism. While reproduction is crucial for the continuation of a species, it is not directly related to the survival or maintenance of an individual organism. Responsiveness allows an organism to react to stimuli, movement helps in obtaining resources and avoiding danger, and respiration provides the necessary energy for life processes. Therefore, reproduction is the process that does not directly contribute to maintaining the life of an individual organism.

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