ATI RN
Nursing Care of Children ATI
1. What approach is the most appropriate when performing a physical assessment on a toddler?
- A. Demonstrate the use of equipment
- B. Perform traumatic procedures last
- C. Use minimum physical contact initially
- D. Always proceed systematically in a head-to-toe direction
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The most appropriate approach when performing a physical assessment on a toddler is to use minimum physical contact initially. This helps gain the toddler's cooperation and reduces their distress. Performing traumatic procedures last is crucial as they are likely to upset the child and should be handled with care. Demonstrating the use of equipment may be complex for toddlers to understand, so it is not the most appropriate initial approach. Proceeding systematically in a head-to-toe direction is a good practice but using minimum physical contact initially is more important to establish trust and cooperation with the toddler.
2. According to Freud’s developmental theory, infancy is a stage of:
- A. Orality
- B. Latency
- C. Genitality
- D. Anality
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In Freud’s psychosexual development theory, the oral stage is the first stage and occurs during infancy. It focuses on activities involving the mouth, such as sucking and feeding. This stage is crucial for the child's development as it forms the basis for trust and attachment. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as latency refers to the stage during middle childhood where sexual impulses are suppressed, genitality refers to the final stage focusing on mature sexual relationships, and anality refers to the stage occurring during the toddler years where toilet training plays a significant role.
3. Which reflex is expected to disappear by 4 months of age?
- A. Rooting reflex
- B. Moro reflex
- C. Babinski reflex
- D. Palmar grasp
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The Moro reflex, also known as the startle reflex, typically disappears by 4 months as the infant's nervous system matures. This reflex is important for assessing the development of the nervous system in newborns. The Rooting reflex (Choice A) is related to turning the head in response to cheek stimulation; the Babinski reflex (Choice C) involves the fanning of toes in response to foot stimulation; and the Palmar grasp (Choice D) is the curling of the fingers around an object placed in the infant's hand. These reflexes have different timelines for disappearance and are not typically expected to be gone by 4 months of age.
4. A child diagnosed with aplastic anemia is admitted to the hospital. The parents ask the nurse what aplastic anemia is. Which response by the nurse is accurate?
- A. Aplastic anemia causes a proliferation of white blood cells.
- B. Aplastic anemia is characterized by abnormally shaped red blood cells.
- C. Aplastic anemia is caused by the bone marrow producing inadequate cells.
- D. Aplastic anemia is a disorder that occurs after a viral illness.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Aplastic anemia is a condition where the bone marrow fails to produce sufficient red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, leading to pancytopenia. This can result in fatigue, infections, and bleeding tendencies. It is not characterized by abnormal red blood cell shapes, but rather by a reduction in the production of blood cells. Therefore, the accurate response is that aplastic anemia is caused by the bone marrow producing inadequate cells. Choices A and B are incorrect as aplastic anemia does not cause a proliferation of white blood cells or involve abnormally shaped red blood cells. Choice D is incorrect as aplastic anemia is not typically a disorder that occurs after a viral illness.
5. A new dad is concerned about his toddler's play patterns. The nurse informs him that ____________ play is normally exhibited by toddlers:
- A. Associative
- B. Team
- C. Solitary
- D. Parallel
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Parallel.' Parallel play is a common play pattern observed in toddlers where they play alongside each other without direct interaction. This type of play allows toddlers to observe and mimic each other's actions, aiding in their social development. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Associative play involves some interaction between children, team play involves organized group activities, and solitary play is when a child plays alone, all of which are not typically exhibited by toddlers during play.
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