Nursing Elites

1. In which type of cancer are the urinary excretion of the breakdown products of catecholamines, especially vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acid (HVA), detected?

• A. Neuroblastoma
• B. Nephroblastoma
• C. Leukemia
• D. Osteosarcoma

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Neuroblastoma. Neuroblastoma, a cancer that arises from nerve tissue, is associated with increased levels of catecholamine metabolites, including VMA and HVA, in the urine. Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor) is a type of kidney cancer and is not typically associated with elevated levels of catecholamine breakdown products. Leukemia is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow and does not lead to increased VMA and HVA excretion in urine. Osteosarcoma is a bone cancer and is not linked to elevated levels of catecholamine metabolites in the urine.

2. What is the primary consideration of susceptibility to infections in neonates?

• A. Increased humoral immunity
• B. Overwhelming anti-inflammatory response
• C. Diminished nonspecific and specific immunity
• D. Excessive levels of immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin M

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary consideration of susceptibility to infections in neonates is their diminished nonspecific and specific immunity. Neonates lack the ability to mount a robust immune response, making them vulnerable to infections. Choice A is incorrect because neonates do not have increased humoral immunity; rather, their humoral immunity is diminished. Choice B is incorrect as neonates do not have an overwhelming anti-inflammatory response; instead, their immune responses are generally weakened. Choice D is incorrect because neonates have diminished or absent levels of immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin M, contributing to their susceptibility to infections.

3. When assessing a family, the nurse determines that the parents exert little or no control over their children. This style of parenting is called which?

• A. Permissive
• B. Dictatorial
• C. Democratic
• D. Authoritarian

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Permissive parenting is characterized by parents exerting little or no control over their children, leading to a lack of boundaries and structure.

4. According to Piaget, a 6-month-old infant should be in which developmental stage?

• A. Use of reflexes
• B. Primary circular reactions
• C. Secondary circular reactions
• D. Coordination of secondary schemata

Correct answer: C

Rationale: By 6 months, infants are usually in the stage of secondary circular reactions, where they start to intentionally repeat actions that bring pleasure or interesting results.

5. The nurse is planning a teaching session to adolescents about deaths by unintentional injuries. Which should the nurse include in the session with regard to deaths caused by injuries?

• A. More deaths occur in males
• B. More deaths occur in females
• C. The pattern of deaths does not vary according to age and sex
• D. The pattern of deaths does not vary widely among different ethnic groups

Correct answer: A

Rationale: More deaths due to unintentional injuries occur in males, which may be due to higher risk-taking behaviors.

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