Nursing Elites

1. To raise HDL levels, what is Mrs. Smith advised to do?

• A. quit smoking
• B. increase dietary sodium
• C. take iron supplements
• D. avoid dairy products

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: quit smoking. Smoking lowers HDL levels, so quitting smoking is crucial to raising HDL levels. Increasing dietary sodium (choice B) is not linked to raising HDL levels and can have negative effects on cardiovascular health. Taking iron supplements (choice C) is not directly related to increasing HDL levels. Avoiding dairy products (choice D) is not necessary to raise HDL levels; in fact, some dairy products like low-fat options can be part of a heart-healthy diet.

2. In approximately what percentage of cases is the prevalence seen?

• A. Type 1 Diabetes
• B. Type 2 Diabetes
• C. N/A
• D. N/A

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Type 1 Diabetes. The prevalence of Type 1 Diabetes is seen in approximately 5% to 10% of cases. This statement highlights a key epidemiological characteristic of Type 1 Diabetes. Choice B, Type 2 Diabetes, is incorrect because the prevalence mentioned does not align with Type 2 Diabetes, which has a much higher prevalence in the general population. Choices C and D are not relevant to the question and can be disregarded.

3. The nurse interprets the statement “Bow down before me! I am the holy mother of Christ! I am the blessed Virgin Mary!” as important in documenting in which of the following areas of mental status examination?

• A. Thought content
• B. Mood
• C. Affect
• D. Attitude

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Effective nursing care involves comprehensive assessments that address all aspects of a patient's condition, ensuring that interventions are appropriately targeted and outcomes are optimized.

4. Match amylase with its digestive action:

• A. breaks down carbs
• B. breaks down proteins
• C. breaks down lipids
• D. helps fat digestion

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'breaks down carbs.' Amylase is an enzyme that specifically targets carbohydrates, breaking them down into simpler sugars like maltose. This process aids in the digestion of carbohydrates in the human body. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because amylase does not break down proteins, lipids, or directly aid fat digestion. Proteins are broken down by proteases, lipids are broken down by lipases, and fat digestion is primarily assisted by bile salts and lipases in the small intestine.

5. Why is atherosclerosis dangerous to arterial function?

• A. It diminishes central circulation
• B. It causes decreased blood pressure on artery walls
• C. It narrows the arterial lumen so a clot can easily block it
• D. It increases arterial elasticity

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Atherosclerosis is dangerous to arterial function because it narrows the arterial lumen, increasing the risk of a clot completely blocking the blood flow. This can lead to severe cardiovascular events such as heart attacks or strokes. Choice A is incorrect since atherosclerosis does not primarily diminish central circulation, but rather, it impedes local blood flow where the plaque is present. Choice B is also incorrect as atherosclerosis increases the pressure on artery walls due to the narrowed space for blood flow, not decrease it. Lastly, choice D is incorrect as atherosclerosis causes the arteries to lose their elasticity, not increase it.

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