Nursing Elites

1. This is a type of lung disease that results from the inhalation of certain dusts, often in the workplace, leading to lung damage.

• A. Pneumoconiosis
• B. Asbestosis
• C. Silicosis
• D. Anthracosis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Pneumoconiosis is the correct answer. It is a lung disease caused by inhaling certain types of dust, commonly in a workplace setting, resulting in lung damage. Asbestosis (choice B) is a specific type of pneumoconiosis caused by asbestos fibers. Silicosis (choice C) is another type of pneumoconiosis caused by inhaling crystalline silica dust. Anthracosis (choice D) is a condition characterized by the accumulation of coal dust particles in the lungs, not necessarily resulting in lung damage.

2. The client is on a calcium channel blocker. What is the expected effect on the heart?

• A. Increased heart rate
• B. Decreased heart rate
• C. Increased blood pressure
• D. Decreased blood pressure

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When a client is on a calcium channel blocker, the expected effect on the heart is a decreased heart rate and decreased blood pressure. Calcium channel blockers work by dilating blood vessels and reducing the heart's workload, resulting in decreased blood pressure. Choice A, increased heart rate, is incorrect as calcium channel blockers actually have a negative chronotropic effect, reducing the heart rate. Choice C, increased blood pressure, is also incorrect because these medications are used to lower blood pressure.

3. Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation of the heart muscle, often due to a viral infection, leading to impaired heart function?

• A. Myocarditis
• B. Endocarditis
• C. Pericarditis
• D. Cardiomyopathy

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Myocarditis. Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle, typically caused by a viral infection. It can impair the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently, potentially leading to other complications. Endocarditis (choice B) is an inflammation of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves. Pericarditis (choice C) is inflammation of the pericardium, the outer lining of the heart. Cardiomyopathy (choice D) is a disease of the heart muscle that affects the heart's ability to pump blood.

4. What procedure involves using a catheter to create a small scar in the heart tissue to block abnormal electrical signals and restore normal heart rhythm?

• A. Catheter ablation
• B. Angioplasty
• C. Stent placement
• D. Valve replacement

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Catheter ablation is the correct answer. During catheter ablation, a catheter is used to create a small scar in the heart tissue to block abnormal electrical signals, thereby restoring a normal heart rhythm. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because angioplasty is a procedure to widen narrowed or obstructed arteries, stent placement involves inserting a mesh tube to support a weak artery, and valve replacement is the surgical procedure of replacing a heart valve, none of which match the description provided in the question.

5. The client on warfarin has an INR of 1.2. What is the nurse’s priority action?

• A. Increase the dose of warfarin
• B. Administer vitamin K
• C. Monitor for signs of bleeding
• D. Hold the next dose and notify the healthcare provider

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to increase the dose of warfarin. An INR of 1.2 is below the therapeutic range for a client on warfarin, indicating that the dose is subtherapeutic. The priority action in this situation is to adjust the dose to achieve the target therapeutic INR range (usually 2-3) to prevent thromboembolic events. Administering vitamin K is not necessary as the INR is low, and there are no signs of bleeding. Monitoring for signs of bleeding is important but not the priority in this case since the INR is subtherapeutic. Holding the next dose and notifying the healthcare provider would delay the intervention needed to adjust the dose and achieve the therapeutic range.

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