Nursing Elites

1. What is a condition where the lungs become stiff and scarred, making it difficult to breathe and get enough oxygen into the bloodstream?

• A. Pulmonary fibrosis
• B. Pulmonary edema
• C. Pulmonary embolism
• D. Pulmonary hypertension

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Pulmonary fibrosis is a condition characterized by the stiffening and scarring of the lungs, leading to difficulty breathing and impairing the transfer of oxygen into the bloodstream. Pulmonary edema refers to fluid accumulation in the lungs, causing breathing difficulties due to fluid filling the air sacs. Pulmonary embolism is a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs, often caused by a blood clot. Pulmonary hypertension is high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs, which can lead to strain on the heart and affect oxygen levels in the blood.

2. The nurse is administering digoxin to a client. What is the most important parameter to check before administration?

• A. Heart rate
• B. Blood pressure
• C. Respiratory rate
• D. Oxygen saturation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Heart rate. Before administering digoxin, it is crucial to check the client's heart rate because digoxin can cause bradycardia, making it essential to ensure the heart rate is within the appropriate range. Blood pressure, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation are also important parameters to monitor in a clinical setting, but when administering digoxin, the focus should primarily be on the heart rate due to its potential effects on cardiac function.

3. Which heart chamber ejects blood into the lungs via the pulmonary artery?

• A. Right atrium
• B. Left atrium
• C. Right ventricle
• D. Left ventricle

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, the right ventricle. The right ventricle is responsible for pumping deoxygenated blood into the lungs through the pulmonary artery for oxygenation. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body, the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, and the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body, respectively.

4. What is a condition where the coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle?

• A. Coronary artery disease (CAD)
• B. Atherosclerosis
• C. Stroke
• D. Peripheral artery disease

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Coronary artery disease (CAD). CAD is a condition where the coronary arteries become narrowed or blocked, leading to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle and an increased risk of heart attack. Choice B, Atherosclerosis, is a related condition involving the buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls, but it is not specific to the coronary arteries. Choices C and D, Stroke and Peripheral artery disease, respectively, involve different arteries and conditions, not directly related to the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries.

5. Which artery supplies the right atrium, right ventricle, a portion of the septum, SA node, AV node, and inferior portion of the left ventricle?

• A. Right coronary artery
• B. Left circumflex artery
• C. Posterior descending artery
• D. Aortic artery

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the right coronary artery. It supplies essential areas of the heart, including the right atrium, right ventricle, a portion of the septum, SA node, AV node, and the inferior portion of the left ventricle. The left circumflex artery primarily supplies the left atrium and lateral wall of the left ventricle, not the mentioned areas. The posterior descending artery supplies the inferior wall of the left ventricle, not the right side. The aortic artery is a general term and does not specifically refer to an artery that supplies the mentioned areas.

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