the triage nurse notes upon assessment in the emergency room that the patient with anxiety is hyperventilating the nurse is aware that hyperventilatio

ATI RN

Fluid and Electrolytes ATI

1. The triage nurse notes upon assessment in the emergency room that the patient with anxiety is hyperventilating. The nurse is aware that hyperventilation is the most common cause of which acid-base imbalance?

A. Respiratory acidosis
B. Respiratory alkalosis
C. Metabolic acidosis
D. Metabolic alkalosis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Respiratory alkalosis. Hyperventilation is the most common cause of acute respiratory alkalosis. When a patient hyperventilates due to anxiety or other causes, they blow off excessive carbon dioxide, leading to a decrease in PaCO2 and a rise in pH. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because hyperventilation leads to a decrease in PaCO2, causing respiratory alkalosis, not respiratory acidosis, metabolic acidosis, or metabolic alkalosis.

2. Which electrolyte is important in the formation of the thyroid hormones?

A. Sodium
B. Iodine
C. Iron
D. Chloride

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Iodine is the correct answer because it is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. The thyroid gland incorporates iodine into thyroid hormones such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones are crucial for regulating metabolism, growth, and development. Sodium, iron, and chloride are not directly involved in the formation of thyroid hormones, making them incorrect choices.

3. You are caring for a patient with a diagnosis of pancreatitis. The patient was admitted from a homeless shelter and is a vague historian. The patient appears malnourished and on day 3 of the patients admission total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has been started. Why would you know to start the infusion of TPN slowly?

A. Patients receiving TPN are at risk for hypercalcemia if calories are started too rapidly.
B. Malnourished patients receiving parenteral nutrition are at risk for hypophosphatemia if calories are started too aggressively.
C. Malnourished patients who receive fluids too rapidly are at risk for hypernatremia.
D. Patients receiving TPN need a slow initiation of treatment in order to allow digestive enzymes to accumulate

Correct answer: B

Rationale:

4. What fluid is found in spaces between the cells?

A. Intracellular fluid
B. Interstitial fluid
C. Plasma
D. Electrolyte

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Interstitial fluid. Interstitial fluid is the fluid that surrounds and occupies the spaces between cells, providing them with nutrients and removing waste. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because intracellular fluid refers to fluid inside cells, plasma refers to the liquid component of blood, and electrolyte refers to substances that dissociate into ions in solution, affecting fluid balance but not specifically found in spaces between cells.