Nursing Elites

1. Who proposed that the study of consciousness should be replaced by the study of behavior?

• A. John Watson
• B. Abraham Maslow
• C. G. Stanley Hall
• D. Sigmund Freud

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is John Watson. Watson, a key figure in behaviorism, believed that psychology should focus on observable behavior rather than consciousness. Abraham Maslow is known for his hierarchy of needs theory and humanistic psychology, not for advocating the study of behavior over consciousness. G. Stanley Hall was a pioneer in psychology but did not propose replacing the study of consciousness with behavior. Sigmund Freud, a prominent figure in psychoanalysis, focused on the unconscious mind rather than behavior.

2. Strict behaviorists would be most sympathetic to which one of the following statements?

• A. Human behavior is primarily caused by inherited factors.
• B. Human behavior is primarily caused by environmental factors.
• C. Human behavior is primarily caused by equal contributions of inherited and environmental factors.
• D. No one really knows the primary causes for human behavior.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Strict behaviorists, who adhere to behaviorism, believe that human behavior is primarily influenced by environmental factors. This perspective asserts that individuals' actions and responses are shaped by their interactions with the environment, learning experiences, and external stimuli. Choice A is incorrect because strict behaviorists do not focus on inherited factors but on how behavior is learned and shaped through environmental influences. Choice C is also incorrect as behaviorists do not believe in equal contributions of inherited and environmental factors; they emphasize environmental determinants. Choice D is incorrect as behaviorists have a clear stance that behavior is influenced by environmental stimuli and learning experiences.

3. Distinguish between assimilation and accommodation.

• A. Assimilation refers to adjusting our mental frameworks to incorporate new information.
• B. Assimilation is when new experiences are interpreted in terms of existing schemas.
• C. Assimilation is adapting our behaviors to match societal norms.
• D. Assimilation and accommodation are unrelated to cognitive development.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Assimilation is when new experiences are interpreted in terms of existing schemas, meaning individuals try to fit new information into their pre-existing understanding of the world. Accommodation, on the other hand, involves adjusting our schemas to fit new information, which means changing our existing mental frameworks when new information doesn't fit. Choice A is incorrect because it describes accommodation rather than assimilation. Choice C is incorrect as it confuses assimilation with social adaptation. Choice D is incorrect as assimilation and accommodation are fundamental processes in cognitive development, as described by Piaget.

4. School phobia among kids may be a form of?

• A. Occurs every time when one is in a certain situation
• B. Occurs most of the time when one is in a specific situation
• C. Be unexpected
• D. Expected

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Be unexpected.' School phobia in children is often associated with separation anxiety disorder, leading to unexpected and intense fear or anxiety about attending school. Choices A and B are incorrect because school phobia does not necessarily occur every time or most of the time when in a specific situation; it is more about the unexpected fear related to attending school. Choice D is also incorrect because school phobia is characterized by an unexpected and overwhelming fear of school, not an expected or anticipated reaction.

5. Dr. Asgaard believes that in order to fully understand complex processes, such as auditory processing, it is first necessary to understand all the separate component parts. Dr. Asgaard's views are most consistent with those of?

• A. William James.
• B. Ivan Pavlov.
• C. Carl Rogers.
• D. Edward Titchener.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Edward Titchener. Dr. Asgaard's belief aligns with Titchener's approach of structuralism, which emphasizes understanding the components of consciousness. William James (choice A) was associated with functionalism, focusing on the purpose of behavior rather than its structure. Ivan Pavlov (choice B) was known for classical conditioning in behaviorism, not structuralism. Carl Rogers (choice C) was a major figure in humanistic psychology, emphasizing personal growth and self-actualization, which is not directly related to understanding component parts of processes.

Similar Questions