Nursing Elites

1. The problem of overrating staff performance is called ___________ .

• A. Recency error
• B. Absolute judgment
• C. Halo error
• D. Leniency error

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Leniency error.' Leniency error occurs when a manager tends to overrate staff performance, giving higher ratings than deserved. Choice A, 'Recency error,' refers to the tendency to focus only on recent behaviors or events when evaluating performance. Choice B, 'Absolute judgment,' is not directly related to overrating staff performance; it refers to making evaluations without considering the context or comparison points. Choice C, 'Halo error,' involves allowing one positive aspect of an individual to overshadow other factors in performance evaluation, which is different from overrating overall staff performance.

2. Which information is most important for the nurse to report to the health care provider before a patient with type 2 diabetes is prepared for a coronary angiogram?

• A.
• B.
• C. The patient took the prescribed metformin (Glucophage) today
• D. The patient took the prescribed captopril (Capoten) this morning.

Correct answer: C

Rationale:

3. The nurse manager has two employees with a longstanding conflict that is affecting the group's productivity and cohesiveness. She decides to meet with the employees in private, bring the conflict out into the open, and attempt to resolve it through knowledge and reason. Which conflict management strategy did she employ?

• A. Confrontation
• B. Suppression
• C. Collaboration
• D. Intervention

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The nurse manager employed the conflict management strategy of 'Confrontation.' Confrontation involves bringing the conflict out into the open and attempting to resolve it through knowledge and reason, making it the most effective means of resolving conflict in this scenario. Choice B, 'Suppression,' involves ignoring or avoiding the conflict, which is not what the nurse manager did. Choice C, 'Collaboration,' refers to working together to find a mutually acceptable solution and was not explicitly mentioned in the scenario. Choice D, 'Intervention,' typically involves a third party stepping in to help resolve the conflict, which was not the case here.

4. Which of the following is an example of an environmental factor that could influence decision-making in nursing?

• A. Personal preferences
• B. Ethical considerations
• C. Availability of resources
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'All of the above.' Environmental factors encompass a wide range of influences on decision-making in nursing. Personal preferences can impact how a nurse chooses a course of action, ethical considerations guide decision-making based on moral principles, and the availability of resources determines the options that are feasible. Therefore, all of these factors play a significant role in influencing decision-making in nursing. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because each of them individually represents a specific environmental factor, whereas the correct answer D acknowledges that all of these factors collectively contribute to influencing decision-making.

5. Which of the following is used as an indirect estimate of voluntary absenteeism?

• A. Involuntary absenteeism
• B. Voluntary absenteeism
• C. Total time lost
• D. Absence frequency

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Absence frequency.' Absence frequency is the total number of distinct absence periods, regardless of duration. It is used as an indirect estimate of voluntary absenteeism because it provides insights into the frequency of absences. Voluntary absenteeism refers to absences that are under the employee's control, while involuntary absenteeism is not under their control. Total time lost, on the other hand, represents the number of scheduled days that employees miss, which is different from absence frequency.

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