the placenta
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Nursing Elites

ATI RN

Human Growth and Development Exam 1

1. During pregnancy, the placenta __________.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The placenta delivers food and oxygen to the developing organism during pregnancy. It is a temporary organ that forms in the first trimester of pregnancy. Choice A is incorrect as the placenta forms in the first trimester, not the second trimester. Choice B is incorrect as the amniotic sac, not the placenta, encloses the developing organism in amniotic fluid. Choice C is incorrect as the placenta contains blood vessels (arteries and veins) that deliver nutrients to the embryo, not just one large vein.

2. During her pregnancy, Padma increased her intake of coffee and tea. Her doctor is likely to tell her that high doses of caffeine contained in coffee and tea increase the risk of __________.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: High doses of caffeine contained in coffee and tea have been linked to an increased risk of low birth weight. Consuming large amounts of caffeine during pregnancy can interfere with the baby's growth and development, leading to a lower birth weight than expected. It is important for pregnant women to limit their caffeine intake to reduce the risk of complications such as low birth weight.

3. Baby Gabriella claps her hands after her mother does. Gabriella is displaying __________.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Observational learning is when an individual learns by watching others and mimicking their actions or behaviors. In this scenario, Baby Gabriella claps her hands after her mother does, indicating she is learning through observing her mother's behavior and imitating it. The other choices are incorrect: Reinforcement typically involves a consequence that strengthens a behavior, classical conditioning is a type of learning where an association is made between two stimuli, and adaptation refers to the process of adjusting to new conditions.

4. The more alcohol a woman consumes during pregnancy, the __________.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'poorer the child's achievement scores in the school years.' Prenatal exposure to alcohol has been linked to a range of cognitive and behavioral difficulties, including lower academic achievement in children. These difficulties may manifest as poor achievement scores in later school years. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because alcohol consumption during pregnancy is not associated with higher birth weight of the child, the likelihood of ARND instead of FAS or p-FAS, or greater speed of information processing in the child.

5. Infants engage in __________ by actively seeking emotional information from a trusted person in an uncertain situation.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'social referencing.' Social referencing is a behavior where infants seek emotional information from a trusted person, usually a caregiver, to determine how to respond in uncertain situations. This process helps infants regulate their emotions and behaviors based on the cues they receive from the trusted individual. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because self-control, give-and-take, and emotional self-regulation do not specifically involve seeking emotional information from others in uncertain situations, as social referencing does.

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