Nursing Elites

1. The parents of a school-age child ask the nurse if she thinks that their child has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Which statement regarding the child’s behavior at school is most indicative of ADHD?

• A. He finishes his work on time in order to go to recess.
• B. He occasionally gets into trouble for talking.
• C. He enjoys math but does not like reading.
• D. He cannot sit still in his seat and constantly moves his legs.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The most indicative behavior of ADHD is the inability to sit still and constant movement, known as hyperactivity. This behavior is a hallmark symptom of ADHD, making option D the correct choice. Options A, B, and C do not specifically reflect the characteristic hyperactivity associated with ADHD, making them less indicative of the disorder. While option B suggests impulsivity, it is not as specific to ADHD as the hyperactivity described in option D.

2. A teenager is accompanied by his mother to the annual physical examination. The nurse is aware of privacy issues related to the teenager. While the mother is in the room, which topic should the nurse avoid?

• A. School performance
• B. Seatbelt use
• C. Cigarette smoking
• D. School friends

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cigarette smoking. Discussing sensitive topics like cigarette smoking in the presence of a parent may inhibit the teenager's willingness to be open and honest. It's important to provide an opportunity for the teenager to speak privately with the healthcare provider. Choices A, B, and D are more general topics that can be discussed openly in front of the parent without compromising the teenager's privacy or comfort.

3. The parents of a 4-month-old infant tell the nurse that they are getting a microwave oven and will be able to heat the baby’s formula faster. What should the nurse recommend?

• A. Heat only 8 oz or more.
• B. Do not heat a plastic bottle in a microwave oven.
• C. Leave the bottle top uncovered to allow heat to escape.
• D. Shake the bottle vigorously for at least 30 seconds after heating.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Heating formula in a plastic bottle in the microwave can cause uneven heating and release harmful chemicals from the plastic.

4. What is one focus of current health care?

• A. Increased provision of nursing services
• B. Disease prevention
• C. Symptom management
• D. Identification of disease processes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Disease prevention.' Modern healthcare places emphasis on preventing diseases to enhance overall health and well-being. While nursing services, symptom management, and disease identification are crucial components of healthcare, disease prevention plays a key role in reducing the burden of illness on individuals and communities.

5. A hospitalized child with minimal change nephrotic syndrome is receiving high doses of prednisone. What nursing goal is appropriate for this child?

• A. Stimulate appetite
• B. Detect evidence of edema
• C. Minimize risk of infection
• D. Promote adherence to the antibiotic regimen

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Prednisone, an immunosuppressant, increases the child's susceptibility to infections, making infection prevention a critical nursing goal. Detecting edema and stimulating appetite are important but secondary to preventing potentially life-threatening infections.

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