the nurse is teaching a parent of a 6 month old infant with gastroesophageal reflux ger before discharge what instructions should the nurse include

ATI RN

ATI Nursing Care of Children 2019 B

1. The nurse is teaching a parent of a 6-month-old infant with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) before discharge. What instructions should the nurse include?

A. Elevate the head of the bed in the crib to a 90-degree angle while the infant is sleeping.
B. Hold the infant in the prone position after a feeding.
C. Discontinue breastfeeding so that a formula and rice cereal mixture can be used.
D. Prescribed cimetidine (Tagamet) should be given 30 minutes before feedings.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Cimetidine is an H2 blocker that reduces stomach acid, helping manage GER. Holding the infant in the prone position is not recommended due to the risk of SIDS. Breastfeeding should not be discontinued unless advised by a physician. Elevating the head to 90 degrees is excessive.

2. When checking the intravenous (IV) site on a child, the nurse should take which action?

A. Look at the site.
B. Ask the child if the site hurts.
C. Look at the site while palpating the area.
D. Take all the tape off, assess the site, and redress.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Looking at and palpating the IV site helps assess for signs of infiltration or infection, such as swelling, redness, or pain. Simply looking or asking the child may miss subtle signs, and removing all the tape unnecessarily disrupts the site.

3. The nurse is caring for a child with suspected ingestion of some type of poison. What action should the nurse take next after initiating cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)?

A. Empty the mouth of pills, plants, or other material.
B. Question the victim and witness.
C. Place the child in a side-lying position.
D. Call poison control.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: After ensuring the child's immediate survival needs are met with CPR, contacting poison control is critical to receive specific guidance on how to proceed with treatment. Other actions may be necessary depending on the situation but should follow contacting poison control.

4. By what age does birth weight usually triple?

A. 1 year
B. 1 month
C. 2 years
D. 6 months

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 1 year. By the age of 1 year, a baby’s birth weight typically triples. This period allows for significant growth and development in infants. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because birth weight does not usually triple by 1 month, 2 years, or 6 months of age, respectively.

5. Why are neonates predisposed to problems with thermoregulation?

A. Renal function is not fully developed.
B. Flexed posture favors heat loss.
C. A large body surface area favors heat loss to the environment.
D. A thick layer of subcutaneous fat provides excellent insulation.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Neonates have a large surface area relative to their weight, which makes them prone to heat loss to the environment, leading to thermoregulation issues. The underdeveloped kidney affecting urine concentration (Choice A) is unrelated to the thermal regulation process. While a flexed posture can help retain heat (Choice B), it does not outweigh the impact of the large body surface area in neonates. Although subcutaneous fat (Choice D) provides insulation, in neonates, the large body surface area is more significant in contributing to heat loss than the fat's insulating properties.