Nursing Elites

1. A parent brings their 4-year-old child for a check-up. Which finding would concern the nurse?

• A. Ectomorphic body type
• B. Resting pulse rate of 120
• C. Weight gain of 5 lb (2.27 kg) in the past year
• D. No increase in appetite compared with that in toddler years

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A resting pulse rate of 120 is elevated for a 4-year-old and may indicate an underlying issue that needs further investigation. An ectomorphic body type is a body shape and not typically a cause for concern. Weight gain within normal limits and no significant change in appetite are generally positive findings in a growing child.

2. The school nurse is assessing children for risk factors related to childhood injuries. Which child has the most risk factors related to childhood injury?

• A. Female, multiple siblings, stable home life
• B. Male, high activity level, stressful home life
• C. Male, even-tempered, history of previous injuries
• D. Female, reacts negatively to new situations, no serious previous injuries

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A male child with a high activity level and a stressful home life has multiple risk factors for childhood injuries, requiring closer supervision and preventive measures.

3. A girl, age 5 1/2 years, has been sent to the school nurse for urinary incontinence three times in the past 2 days. The nurse should recommend to her parent that the first action is to have the child evaluated for what condition?

• A. School phobia
• B. Glomerulonephritis
• C. Urinary tract infection (UTI)
• D. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Urinary tract infections are a common cause of sudden onset urinary incontinence in children. While school phobia and ADHD can cause behavioral changes, a medical condition like a UTI should be ruled out first.

4. At what age is it safe to give infants whole milk instead of commercial infant formula?

• A. 6 months
• B. 9 months
• C. 12 months
• D. 18 months

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Whole milk should not be introduced before 12 months because it lacks the necessary nutrients, such as iron, that infants need for proper growth and development.

5. Which of the following conditions is characterized by a 'machine-like' murmur in children?

• A. Patent ductus arteriosus
• B. Ventricular septal defect
• C. Atrial septal defect
• D. Coarctation of the aorta

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Patent ductus arteriosus. This condition is characterized by a continuous 'machine-like' murmur due to abnormal blood flow between the aorta and pulmonary artery. Ventricular septal defect (choice B) is characterized by a harsh holosystolic murmur, atrial septal defect (choice C) typically presents with a fixed split S2 and a pulmonary flow murmur, and coarctation of the aorta (choice D) is associated with a systolic murmur in the back and bilateral lower extremities.

Similar Questions