Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is reviewing the importance of role learning for children. The nurse understands that children's roles are primarily shaped by which members?

• A. Peers
• B. Parents
• C. Siblings
• D. Grandparents

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Parents play the primary role in shaping their children's roles and behaviors, especially in early childhood, through modeling, guidance, and expectations.

2. Which best describes signs and symptoms as part of a nursing diagnosis?

• A. Description of potential risk factors
• B. Identification of actual health problems
• C. Human response to state of illness or health
• D. Cues and clusters derived from patient assessment

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Signs and symptoms are cues and clusters derived from patient assessments that are used to form a nursing diagnosis, guiding the development of a care plan.

3. What is a common cause of acquired aplastic anemia in children?

• A. Deficient diet
• B. Ingestion of drugs such as chloramphenicol or antiepileptics
• C. Congenital defects
• D. Injury

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Acquired aplastic anemia in children is often caused by exposure to certain drugs, such as chloramphenicol or antiepileptics, which can lead to bone marrow failure and a decrease in all types of blood cells. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because aplastic anemia is not commonly caused by deficient diet, congenital defects, or injury in children.

4. Why does the nurse have a 2-year-old boy sit in a “tailor” position while palpating for the presence of the testes?

• A. It prevents the cremasteric reflex
• B. Undescended testes can be palpated
• C. The child has an inguinal hernia
• D. The child does not yet have a need for privacy

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The tailor position stretches the muscle responsible for the cremasteric reflex, preventing it from contracting and pulling the testes into the pelvic cavity. This position helps accurately palpate the testes. Choice B is incorrect because the position does not facilitate the palpation of undescended testes specifically. Choice C is incorrect as it does not relate to the rationale behind the tailor position. Choice D is incorrect as the reason for using the tailor position is not related to the child's need for privacy.

5. A parent brings their 4-year-old child for a check-up. Which finding would concern the nurse?

• A. Ectomorphic body type
• B. Resting pulse rate of 120
• C. Weight gain of 5 lb (2.27 kg) in the past year
• D. No increase in appetite compared with that in toddler years

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A resting pulse rate of 120 is elevated for a 4-year-old and may indicate an underlying issue that needs further investigation. An ectomorphic body type is a body shape and not typically a cause for concern. Weight gain within normal limits and no significant change in appetite are generally positive findings in a growing child.

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