Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is teaching a nursing student about standard precautions. Which statement made by the student indicates a need for further teaching?

• A. I will use precautions when I give an infant oral care
• B. I will use precautions when I change an infant's diaper
• C. I will use precautions when I come in contact with blood and body fluids
• D. I will use precautions when administering oral medications to a school-age child

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Standard precautions are necessary when dealing with blood, body fluids, and potentially infectious materials. They are not required for routine administration of oral medications unless there is a potential exposure risk.

2. The nurse is teaching a child experiencing severe edema associated with minimal change nephrotic syndrome about his diet. The nurse should discuss what dietary need?

• A. Consuming a regular diet
• B. Increasing protein
• C. Restricting fluids
• D. Decreasing calories

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Fluid restriction is often necessary to manage severe edema associated with MCNS. Increasing protein is not typically recommended due to the risk of exacerbating proteinuria, and calorie reduction is not generally needed.

3. During the 2-month well-child checkup, the nurse expects the infant to respond to sound in which manner?

• A. Respond to name
• B. React to loud noise with Moro reflex
• C. Turn his or her head to side when sound is at ear level
• D. Locate sound by turning his or her head in a curving arc

Correct answer: B

Rationale: At 2 months, infants typically react to loud noises with the Moro reflex, a startle response that is normal at this stage of development.

4. What is most important in the management of cellulitis?

• A. Burow solution compresses
• B. Oral or parenteral antibiotics
• C. Topical application of an antibiotic
• D. Incision and drainage of severe lesions

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Oral or parenteral antibiotics are essential in treating cellulitis to eliminate the infection. Topical antibiotics are not sufficient, and incision and drainage are only for abscesses.

5. A school-age child with cancer is being prepared for a procedure. The child says, “I have had one of these before. They hurt.” The nurse bases her response on what knowledge related to pain in this patient?

• A. Often misrepresent experiencing pain
• B. Tolerate pain better than adults
• C. Become accustomed to painful procedures
• D. Commonly experience treatment-related moderate to severe pain when they have cancer

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Pain is frequently reported by children with cancer, with around 84% experiencing it. Most children report moderate to severe pain, with about half finding it highly distressing. There is no evidence to suggest that children often misrepresent their pain experiences. Pain tolerance is not solely based on age but is a complex phenomenon. Children do not become accustomed to painful procedures, as each experience of pain is unique.

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