the nurse is reviewing the history of a client with bladder cancer the nurse expects to note documentation of which most common symptom of this type o

ATI RN

ATI Oncology Quiz

1. The nurse is reviewing the history of a client with bladder cancer. The nurse expects to note documentation of which most common symptom of this type of cancer?

A. Dysuria
B. Hematuria
C. Urgency on urination
D. Frequency of urination

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hematuria, or blood in the urine, is the most common and distinctive symptom associated with bladder cancer. It can present as either gross hematuria (visible blood) or microscopic hematuria (detected only through urinalysis). The presence of blood in the urine often prompts further evaluation for potential underlying causes, including bladder cancer. It is crucial for healthcare providers to recognize this symptom, as early detection significantly impacts treatment outcomes.

2. Which of the following descriptions of chemotherapy is correct?

A. Chemotherapy is externally given through high energy waves
B. Chemotherapy is known to have fatigue as a common side effect
C. Chemotherapy spreads throughout the body
D. Chemotherapy attacks cancer cells only

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Chemotherapy drugs are typically administered systemically, meaning they circulate throughout the body via the bloodstream. This allows them to target cancer cells that may have spread beyond the original tumor site, making chemotherapy an effective treatment for cancers that are metastatic (have spread to other parts of the body). However, because chemotherapy is not selective, it can also affect healthy cells that divide rapidly, leading to a range of side effects.

3. The school nurse is teaching a nutrition class in the local high school. One student states that he has heard that certain foods can increase the incidence of cancer. The nurse responds, Research has shown that certain foods indeed appear to increase the risk of cancer. Which of the following menu selections would be the best choice for potentially reducing the risks of cancer?

A. Smoked salmon and green beans
B. Pork chops and fried green tomatoes
C. Baked apricot chicken and steamed broccoli
D. Liver, onions, and steamed peas

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct choice is 'Baked apricot chicken and steamed broccoli' because fruits and vegetables have been shown to reduce the risk of cancer. Option A, smoked salmon and green beans, although a healthy choice, does not incorporate as many cancer-fighting foods as the correct answer. Option B, pork chops and fried green tomatoes, contains fried food which is associated with increased cancer risk. Option D, liver, onions, and steamed peas, includes organ meats which are not considered beneficial for reducing cancer risk.

4. A nurse in the oncology clinic is providing preoperative education to a client just diagnosed with cancer. The client has been scheduled for surgery in 3 days. What action by the nurse is best?

A. Call the client at home the next day to review teaching.
B. Give the client information about a cancer support group.
C. Provide all the preoperative instructions in writing.
D. Reassure the client that surgery will be over soon.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Clients are often overwhelmed by a sudden cancer diagnosis; therefore, it is best for the nurse to call the client at home the next day to review teaching. This approach allows the client time to process the information before the surgery. Choice B may be beneficial but is not the priority at this time. Providing written instructions (Choice C) is helpful but does not offer the personalized interaction needed. Reassuring the client (Choice D) is important but does not address the educational aspect of preoperative preparation.

5. Which of the following is not a manifestation of breast cancer?

A. Peau d'orange
B. Painless breast mass
C. Alopecia
D. Breast enlargement

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Alopecia (hair loss) is not a direct manifestation of breast cancer but rather a common side effect of chemotherapy used in breast cancer treatment. Peau d'orange refers to the dimpling or pitting of the skin resembling an orange peel, which can be a sign of breast cancer due to blockage of lymphatic vessels. A painless breast mass and breast enlargement can both be manifestations of breast cancer, with a painless mass being a common symptom and breast enlargement sometimes occurring due to tumor growth.