Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is reviewing the Healthy People 2020 leading health indicators for a child health promotion program. Which are included in the leading health indicators? (Select all that apply.)

• A. Decrease tobacco use
• B. Improve immunization rates
• C. All are applicable
• D. Increase access to health care

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Healthy People 2020 focuses on decreasing tobacco use, improving immunization rates, and increasing access to healthcare among its leading health indicators.

2. Which medication should the nurse expect to administer to a child diagnosed with Nephrotic Syndrome to decrease proteinuria?

• A. Albumin
• B. Prednisone
• C. Penicillin
• D. Furosemide (Lasix)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Prednisone, a corticosteroid, is the primary treatment for Nephrotic Syndrome as it helps to reduce inflammation in the kidneys and decrease proteinuria by stabilizing the glomerular filtration barrier. Albumin is a protein replacement therapy and would not directly decrease proteinuria. Penicillin is an antibiotic that treats bacterial infections and is not used to manage Nephrotic Syndrome. Furosemide is a diuretic that helps in managing fluid retention but does not specifically target proteinuria in Nephrotic Syndrome.

3. A child has been diagnosed with a Wilms tumor. What should preoperative nursing care include?

• A. Careful bathing and handling
• B. Monitoring of behavioral status
• C. Maintenance of strict isolation
• D. Administration of packed red blood cells

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Careful bathing and handling. Preoperative care for a child with a Wilms tumor should focus on preventing any trauma to the abdomen, which could lead to tumor rupture. Monitoring behavioral status and maintaining strict isolation are not as critical in this situation. Behavioral status is important but not a priority in preoperative care for a Wilms tumor. Strict isolation is not necessary unless there are specific infectious concerns, which is not typically the case for a Wilms tumor. Administration of packed red blood cells is not a standard preoperative intervention for Wilms tumor.

4. What should the nurse include in the discharge instructions for the parents of an infant diagnosed with acute otitis media?

• A. Keep the baby in an elevated position during sleep
• B. Administer an antibiotic
• C. Place the baby to sleep with a bottle
• D. Administer acetaminophen (Tylenol) to relieve discomfort

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is recommended to help relieve the discomfort associated with acute otitis media, such as pain and fever. Elevating the baby's head during sleep can also help with drainage and relieve pressure, making choice A incorrect. Administering an antibiotic may be necessary for bacterial otitis media but is not usually the first-line treatment for acute otitis media, so choice B is incorrect. Placing the baby to sleep with a bottle can increase the risk of ear infections due to the pooling of milk around the Eustachian tube, so choice C is incorrect.

5. The parents of a 12-month-old child ask the nurse if the child can eat hot dogs as do their other children. The nurse’s reply should be based on what?

• A. The child is too young to digest hot dogs.
• B. The child is too young to eat hot dogs safely.
• C. Hot dogs must be sliced into sections to prevent aspiration.
• D. Hot dogs must be cut into small, irregular pieces to prevent aspiration.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Cutting hot dogs into small, irregular pieces reduces the risk of aspiration, which is a significant choking hazard for young children.

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