Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is providing care for a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. When describing the process of respiration the nurse explains how oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the pulmonary capillaries and the alveoli. The nurse is describing what process?

• A. Diffusion
• B. Osmosis
• C. Active transport
• D. Filtration

Correct answer: A

Rationale:

2. Diagnostic testing has been ordered to differentiate between normal anion gap acidosis and high anion gap acidosis in an acutely ill patient. What health problem typically precedes normal anion gap acidosis?

• A. Metastases
• B. Excessive potassium intake
• C. Water intoxication
• D. Excessive administration of chloride

Correct answer: D

Rationale:

3. A nurse sees a variety of patients in the community health clinic. Which of the following patients would be at the greatest risk of dehydration?

• A. An 18-year-old basketball player with a stress fracture of the right foot
• B. An infant with diarrhea
• C. A 45-year-old with stomach flu
• D. An elderly patient living alone

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Infants are particularly vulnerable to dehydration due to diarrhea because they have a higher fluid turnover and less reserve. Option A, the 18-year-old basketball player with a stress fracture, is less likely to be at the greatest risk of dehydration compared to an infant with diarrhea. Option C, the 45-year-old with stomach flu, may experience dehydration but is not at the same level of risk as an infant with diarrhea. Option D, the elderly patient living alone, could be at risk of dehydration, but infants with diarrhea are at the greatest risk due to their unique physiological characteristics.

4. What is the main water-holding force in the blood capillaries?

• A. Capillary blood pressure
• B. Sodium in the blood plasma
• C. Protein in the blood plasma
• D. Chloride in the blood plasma

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Protein in the blood plasma. Plasma proteins, especially albumin, create oncotic pressure, which is the main force responsible for holding water within the blood capillaries. Capillary blood pressure (Choice A) is involved in pushing blood through the capillaries, while sodium and chloride in the blood plasma (Choices B and D) are electrolytes and do not play a significant role in the water-holding force within capillaries.

5. Which of the following is not considered an extracellular fluid?

• A. Cerebrospinal fluid
• B. The humors of the eye
• C. Lymph
• D. Cerebrospinal fluid and the humors of the eye

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Cerebrospinal fluid and the humors of the eye are not considered extracellular fluids. Extracellular fluids are fluids found outside the cells, such as interstitial fluid and lymph. Cerebrospinal fluid is found within the central nervous system, while the humors of the eye (aqueous humor and vitreous humor) are located within the eyeball, making them distinct from extracellular fluids.

Similar Questions