Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to parents of a 4-month-old infant on preventing an aspiration injury. What should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. Keep baby powder out of reach.
• B. Inspect toys for removable parts.
• C. Allow the infant to take a bottle to bed.
• D. Teething biscuits can be used for teething discomfort.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Baby powder can be inhaled by the infant and cause respiratory distress. Toys should be inspected to prevent choking hazards. Allowing an infant to take a bottle to bed can increase the risk of aspiration, and hard foods like teething biscuits should be given with caution.

2. The school nurse is evaluating the number of school-age children classified as obese. The nurse recognizes that the percentile of body mass index that classifies a child as obese is greater than which?

• A. 50th percentile
• B. 75th percentile
• C. 80th percentile
• D. 95th percentile

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A child with a BMI greater than the 95th percentile is classified as obese, according to standard growth charts used in pediatric practice.

3. According to Erikson’s developmental theory, toddlers need to be encouraged to become independent to successfully complete which developmental challenge?

• A. Trust vs. mistrust
• B. Industry vs. inferiority
• C. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
• D. Initiative vs. guilt

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Autonomy vs. shame and doubt. Erikson's developmental stage for toddlers focuses on the conflict between developing a sense of independence (autonomy) and feelings of inadequacy (shame and doubt). Encouraging toddlers to explore their environment and make choices helps them build self-confidence and independence. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because trust vs. mistrust relates to infancy, industry vs. inferiority is associated with school-age children, and initiative vs. guilt is linked to preschoolers.

4. For minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), prednisone is effective when what occurs?

• A. Appetite increases and blood pressure is normal
• B. Urinary tract infection is gone and edema subsides
• C. Generalized edema subsides and blood pressure is normal
• D. Diuresis occurs as urinary protein excretion diminishes

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The effectiveness of prednisone in treating MCNS is indicated by diuresis and a decrease in urinary protein excretion. Subsidence of generalized edema is also a positive sign, but the key indicator is the reduction in proteinuria, which is achieved through diuresis.

5. What is known as providing families with information on normal growth and development and nurturing child-rearing practices before the child enters that stage of development?

• A. Holistic nursing
• B. Evidence-based practice
• C. Morbidity
• D. Anticipatory guidance

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Anticipatory guidance is the process of providing parents with information about expected developmental milestones and how to address common issues that may arise during different stages of their child's growth. This proactive approach helps parents prepare for and support their child's development. Holistic nursing (choice A) refers to a comprehensive and integrated approach to healthcare that considers the whole person. Evidence-based practice (choice B) involves making clinical decisions based on the best available evidence. Morbidity (choice C) refers to the prevalence of a disease in a population.

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