Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to parents of a 4-month-old infant on preventing an aspiration injury. What should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. Keep baby powder out of reach.
• B. Inspect toys for removable parts.
• C. Allow the infant to take a bottle to bed.
• D. Teething biscuits can be used for teething discomfort.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Baby powder can be inhaled by the infant and cause respiratory distress. Toys should be inspected to prevent choking hazards. Allowing an infant to take a bottle to bed can increase the risk of aspiration, and hard foods like teething biscuits should be given with caution.

2. What is the appropriate placement of a tongue blade for assessment of the mouth and throat?

• A. On the lower jaw
• B. Side of the tongue
• C. Against the soft palate
• D. Center back area of the tongue

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The side of the tongue is the appropriate place for a tongue blade to avoid triggering the gag reflex during assessment of the mouth and throat.

3. The parents of a newborn with an umbilical hernia ask about treatment options. The nurse's response should be based on which knowledge?

• A. Surgery is recommended as soon as possible.
• B. The defect usually resolves spontaneously by 3 to 5 years of age.
• C. Aggressive treatment is necessary to reduce its high mortality.
• D. Taping the abdomen to flatten the protrusion is not recommended.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Most umbilical hernias in newborns resolve on their own by 3 to 5 years of age without the need for surgical intervention, unless complications arise. Surgery is not typically recommended for umbilical hernias in newborns due to the high rate of spontaneous resolution. Aggressive treatment is not necessary as umbilical hernias are typically benign and not associated with high mortality. Taping the abdomen is not recommended as it can cause skin irritation and does not speed up the resolution of the hernia.

4. A nurse is working with the local community on promoting physical fitness for children. The nurse encourages the community to develop programs that meet the needs of the school-aged child for physical activity, based on the understanding that this age group requires how much physical activity daily?

• A. 30 minutes
• B. 60 minutes
• C. 90 minutes
• D. 15 minutes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 60 minutes. School-aged children require at least 60 minutes of physical activity daily according to recommendations. This level of activity helps in promoting overall health, development, and well-being. Choice A (30 minutes) is incorrect as it falls short of the recommended duration. Choice C (90 minutes) is excessive and not the standard guideline for this age group. Choice D (15 minutes) is insufficient to meet the physical activity needs of school-aged children.

5. What recommendation should the nurse make to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in young girls?

• A. Avoid public toilet facilities
• B. Limit long baths as much as possible
• C. Cleanse the perineum with water after voiding
• D. Ensure clear liquid intake of 2 L/day

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Proper perineal hygiene, including cleansing with water after voiding, is crucial in preventing UTIs in young girls. Avoiding public toilets and limiting baths are less effective than proper hygiene practices.

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