Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to parents of a 4-month-old infant on preventing an aspiration injury. What should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. Keep baby powder out of reach.
• B. Inspect toys for removable parts.
• C. Allow the infant to take a bottle to bed.
• D. Teething biscuits can be used for teething discomfort.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Baby powder can be inhaled by the infant and cause respiratory distress. Toys should be inspected to prevent choking hazards. Allowing an infant to take a bottle to bed can increase the risk of aspiration, and hard foods like teething biscuits should be given with caution.

2. The nurse is caring for a child with Neuroblastoma. Where is the tumor most commonly located?

• A. Bone
• B. Kidneys
• C. Cortex
• D. Abdomen

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Neuroblastoma is a cancer that commonly originates in the adrenal glands located in the abdomen. It can also occur in nerve tissues along the spine, but it is most frequently found in the abdominal region. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as Neuroblastoma typically arises from neural crest cells in the adrenal glands or sympathetic ganglia, not in the bones, kidneys, or cortex.

3. What is the best initial intervention for a child experiencing moderate dehydration?

• A. Administer IV fluids
• B. Encourage oral rehydration
• C. Monitor vital signs
• D. Provide clear fluids

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Encourage oral rehydration. Oral rehydration is the first-line treatment for moderate dehydration in children. It helps restore fluid balance and electrolyte levels. Administering IV fluids (Choice A) is usually reserved for severe cases of dehydration where oral rehydration is not feasible or ineffective. Monitoring vital signs (Choice C) is important but should not replace the immediate need for rehydration. Providing clear fluids (Choice D) may not contain the necessary electrolytes required for effective rehydration.

4. Parents of a newborn with ambiguous genitalia want to know how long they will have to wait to know whether they have a boy or a girl. The nurse answers the parents based on what knowledge?

• A. Chromosome analysis will be complete in 7 days.
• B. A physical examination will be able to provide a definitive answer.
• C. Additional laboratory testing is necessary to assign the correct gender.
• D. Gender assignment involves collaboration between the parents and a multidisciplinary team.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Gender assignment in cases of ambiguous genitalia is a complex process that requires a multidisciplinary approach, including genetic, endocrinological, and psychological evaluations. The decision should be made collaboratively with the parents.

5. The nurse is preparing to admit a 6-month-old child with gastroesophageal reflux disease. What clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe?

• A. Spitting up
• B. Bilious vomiting
• C. Failure to thrive
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in infants typically presents with symptoms such as spitting up, failure to thrive, excessive crying, and respiratory problems due to aspiration. Bilious vomiting is not a common symptom of GERD in infants and may indicate a different or more severe condition, such as intestinal obstruction or other gastrointestinal issues. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are all expected clinical manifestations of GERD in a 6-month-old child, making option D the correct answer.

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